PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In response to growing global interest in organic agriculture, this study delves into the microbial landscape of organically grown raw produce with a focus on food safety. Vegetables that are consumed raw are potential vehicles for the transmission of any type of microorganism capable of causing human disease. Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa found in many ecosystems and can serve as hosts to pathogenic bacteria. So far, data regarding the FLA bacterial microbiome in fresh produce remain scarce and are non-existent for those of organic origin. Thus, the aim of this preliminary work is to characterize the microbiome of FLA in commonly consumed raw vegetables to know their possible implications for consumers. A total of 40 organic cabbage, lettuce, spinach, and strawberry samples were analyzed. FLA were found in all samples, and their bacterial microbiome was obtained via amplicon sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform and pair-end protocol. Acanthamoeba spp. and Vermamoeba vermiformis were identified via qPCR in 65.0% and 25.0% of the samples, respectively. Regarding the bacterial microbiome of FLA, the most abundant genera were Pseudomonas (1.8-17.8%) and Flavobacterium (1.7-12.6%). Bacteria not previously related to FLA, such as Prosthecobacter or Cellvibrio, are described in this work. Importantly, several bacterial genera found within the FLA microbiome were identified as potential human pathogens, including Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Arcobacter, Klebsiella, Mycobacterium, Salmonella and Legionella. This is the first work in which FLA microbiome isolated from organic products has been characterized, underscoring the significance of understanding FLA\'s role as carriers of pathogenic bacteria in the context of organic food safety.
摘要：
为了应对全球对有机农业日益增长的兴趣，这项研究深入研究了有机种植生产品的微生物景观，重点是食品安全。生食用的蔬菜是传播能够引起人类疾病的任何类型的微生物的潜在载体。自由生活变形虫（FLA）是许多生态系统中普遍存在的原生动物，可以作为致病菌的宿主。到目前为止,关于新鲜农产品中FLA细菌微生物组的数据仍然很少，对于有机来源的数据不存在。因此，这项初步工作的目的是表征通常食用的生蔬菜中FLA的微生物组，以了解它们对消费者的可能影响。总共40个有机卷心菜，生菜,菠菜,和草莓样品进行了分析。在所有样本中都发现了FLA,和他们的细菌微生物组通过扩增子测序使用IlluminaMiSeq平台和配对末端协议获得。棘阿米巴。在65.0%和25.0%的样本中，通过qPCR鉴定了Vermamoeba，分别。关于FLA的细菌微生物组，最丰富的属是假单胞菌属（1.8-17.8％）和黄杆菌属（1.7-12.6％）。以前与FLA无关的细菌，如原杆菌属或细胞弧菌，在这项工作中描述。重要的是,在FLA微生物组中发现的几个细菌属被鉴定为潜在的人类病原体，包括假单胞菌,黄杆菌,弓形虫,克雷伯菌属,分枝杆菌,沙门氏菌和军团菌。这是对从有机产品中分离出的FLA微生物组进行表征的第一项工作，强调在有机食品安全背景下理解FLA作为致病菌载体的作用的重要性。
