Abstract：
System dynamics (SD) is widely recognized as a tool for simulating spatial and temporal dynamics in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of the product system. However, there is no agreement on how SD and LCA could be applied effectively together in a consistent way. To address this gap, this research conducted a systematic literature review, analyzing 54 scientific articles published worldwide between 2010 and 2023, to explore the joint application of LCA with SD. The study aimed to answer three research questions: (1) What can be considered an integration of LCA and SD? (2) How can SD and LCA be effectively integrated? and (3)What are the advantages and constraints of this integration? The results highlighted the popularity of LCA and SD as impact assessment tools for sustainable design, each with its own strengths and limitations. Two primary integration types were identified when LCA was jointly applied with SD: (1) inclusion of the life cycle inventory and characterization factors in an SD model, and (2) inclusion of SD model results in an LCA. In the second type of integration, SD models the components of the technical system, and its outcomes served as input for scenario analysis, providing temporal and potentially spatial inventory data for the LCA model. The integrated approach offers a comprehensive understanding of product sustainability, aids decision-making, and enhances stakeholder engagement. The study also identifies knowledge gaps in the joint application of SD and LCA for environmental scenario analysis, suggesting the incorporation of optimization tools and strategy guidance for policy makers.
摘要：
系统动力学（SD）被广泛认为是在产品系统的生命周期评估（LCA）研究中模拟空间和时间动力学的工具。然而,对于如何以一致的方式有效地一起应用SD和LCA，尚无共识。为了解决这个差距，本研究进行了系统的文献综述，分析了2010年至2023年全球发表的54篇科学论文，探讨了LCA与SD的联合应用。该研究旨在回答三个研究问题：（1）什么可以被认为是LCA和SD的集成？（2）SD和LCA如何有效地集成？（3）这种集成的优势和制约因素是什么？结果强调了LCA和SD作为可持续设计影响评估工具的普及，每个人都有自己的优势和局限性。当LCA与SD联合应用时，确定了两种主要的集成类型：（1）在SD模型中包含生命周期清单和表征因子，（2）将SD模型包含在LCA中。在第二种类型的整合中，SD对技术系统的组成部分进行建模，其结果作为情景分析的输入，为LCA模型提供时间和潜在的空间清单数据。综合方法提供了对产品可持续性的全面理解，有助于决策，并增强利益相关者的参与度。该研究还确定了在环境情景分析中联合应用SD和LCA的知识差距，建议纳入优化工具和为政策制定者提供战略指导。
