Abstract：
Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and both the incidence of this disease and its associated cognitive decline disproportionally effect women. While the etiology of AD is unknown, recent work has demonstrated that the balance of excitatory and inhibitory activity across the brain may serve as a strong predictor of cognitive impairments in AD. Across the cortex, the most prominent source of inhibitory signalling is from a class of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV+). In this mini-review, the impacts of sex- and age-related factors on the function of PV+ neurons are examined within the context of vulnerability to AD pathology. These primary factors of influence include changes in brain metabolism, circulating sex hormone levels, and inflammatory response. In addition to positing the increased vulnerability of PV+ neurons to dysfunction in AD, this mini-review highlights the critical importance of presenting sex stratified data in the study of AD.
摘要：
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆,这种疾病的发病率及其相关的认知能力下降对女性的影响不成比例。虽然AD的病因尚不清楚，最近的研究表明，大脑中兴奋和抑制活动的平衡可能是AD认知障碍的一个强有力的预测指标。穿过大脑皮层,抑制性信号传导的最突出来源是来自一类表达小清蛋白的中间神经元(PV+)。在这个小型审查中，在AD病理易感性的背景下检查性别和年龄相关因素对PV+神经元功能的影响。这些主要的影响因素包括脑代谢的变化，循环性激素水平，和炎症反应。除了认为PV+神经元对AD功能障碍的脆弱性增加外，这篇小型综述强调了在AD研究中提供性别分层数据的重要性.
