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Abstract：
GREM1 is a secreted protein that antagonizes bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and participates in critical biological processes, including embryonic development, organogenesis and tissue differentiation. Gremlin 1 (GREM1) is also an inhibitor of TGF-β and a ligand for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. In addition, GREM1 can induce cells, participate in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and then participate in tumor development. GREM1 has a variety of biological functions and can participate in the malignant progression of a variety of tumors through the BMP signaling pathway. GREM1 also can inhibit TGF-β in some tumors, thereby inhibiting tumors, and its involvement in tumor development varies in different types of cancer. The present review examines the role and function of GREM1 in tumors. GREM1 is expressed in a variety of tumor types. GREM1 expression can affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of tumor cells. GREM1 has been studied in breast and colon cancer, and its potential role is to promote cancer. However, in pancreatic cancer, which was found to act differently from other cancer types, overexpression of GREM1 inhibits tumor metastasis. The present review suggests that GREM1 can be a diagnostic and prognostic indicator. In future studies, the study of GREM1 based on single-cell sequencing technology will further clarify its role and function in tumors.
摘要：
GREM1是一种分泌型蛋白,拮抗骨形态发生蛋白(BMPs),参与关键的生物过程。包括胚胎发育,器官发生和组织分化。Gremlin1（GREM1）也是TGF-β的抑制剂和血管内皮生长因子受体2的配体。此外,GREM1可以诱导细胞，参与上皮-间质转化的过程，然后参与肿瘤的发展。GREM1具有多种生物学功能,可通过BMP信号通路参与多种肿瘤的恶性进展。GREM1还可以抑制某些肿瘤中的TGF-β，从而抑制肿瘤，在不同类型的癌症中，其在肿瘤发展中的参与是不同的。本文综述了GREM1在肿瘤中的作用和功能。GREM1在多种肿瘤类型中表达。GREM1的表达可以影响肿瘤细胞的上皮-间质转化。GREM1已经在乳腺癌和结肠癌中进行了研究，它的潜在作用是促进癌症。然而,在胰腺癌中，被发现与其他癌症类型不同，GREM1过表达抑制肿瘤转移。本综述表明GREM1可以作为诊断和预后指标。在未来的研究中,基于单细胞测序技术的GREM1的研究将进一步阐明其在肿瘤中的作用和功能。
