Abstract：
The global ornamental fish trade is expanding in response to increased demand for indigenous fish on the global market, while exogenous carotenoids can improve colouration. The 60-day trial investigated the effect of carotenoid supplementation, via Artemia, on colouration, growth and immunophysiology of Badis badis (dwarf chameleon fish). Carotenoid was enriched at 40 ppm (T1), 80 ppm (T2) and 120 ppm (T3) and compared with controls, C1 (unenriched) and C2 (oil-enriched). Fish larvae (average weight 0.12 g) were fed enriched-unenriched Artemia in triplicates (5 × 3) in aquarium tanks (15 L). C1 and T2 had better skin colour (lightness and whiteness) in the posterolateral and caudal fins respectively. The value of redness (a*) in the anterolateral region was higher in T2 and T3 (p < 0.05). The anterolateral red index was higher (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3, whereas in the posterolateral and caudal fins, T1 and T2 were higher (p < 0.05). Compared to C1 and C2, the hue angle in carotenoid groups was found to be low (p < 0.05). No significant change in the growth performance was noticed (p > 0.05). Immune scores such as lysozyme and alkaline protease were highest in T3 (p < 0.05), whereas protease activity was highest in T2 (80 ppm). Stress biomarkers, viz., superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde were low in groups fed enriched Artemia (p < 0.05). The integrated biomarker response means and star plot area were lower in the enriched groups (T1-T3), while T2 was the lowest. Overall findings reveal that dietary carotenoid improves the colouration and immune status, but fail to promote growth. Furthermore, 80 ppm enrichment dose improves the overall performance. The findings can help fish keepers improve fish colour and health status through carotenoid supplementation.
摘要：
全球观赏鱼贸易不断扩大,因应全球市场对本土鱼类需求的增加,而外源性类胡萝卜素可以改善颜色。为期60天的试验调查了类胡萝卜素补充剂的效果，通过Artemia,关于着色，Badisbadis（矮小变色龙鱼）的生长和免疫生理学。类胡萝卜素富集在40ppm(T1),80ppm（T2）和120ppm（T3），与对照组相比，C1(未富集)和C2(富油)。鱼幼虫（平均体重0.12g）在鱼缸（15L）中一式三份（5×3）饲喂富集-未富集的卤虫。C1和T2分别在后外侧和尾鳍中具有更好的皮肤颜色（亮度和白度）。前外侧区的发红值(a*)在T2和T3时较高(p<0.05)。T2和T3的前外侧红色指数较高（p<0.05），而在后外侧和尾鳍中，T1和T2较高(p<0.05)。与C1和C2相比,类胡萝卜素组的色调角较低(p<0.05)。生长性能没有显著变化(p>0.05)。免疫评分如溶菌酶和碱性蛋白酶在T3中最高(p<0.05),而蛋白酶活性在T2中最高（80ppm）。压力生物标志物，viz.,超氧化物歧化酶,富含卤虫的组过氧化氢酶和丙二醛较低（p<0.05）。富集组（T1-T3）的综合生物标志物反应平均值和星图面积较低，而T2是最低的。总体研究结果表明，膳食类胡萝卜素改善了颜色和免疫状态，但不能促进增长。此外，80ppm富集剂量提高了整体性能。这些发现可以帮助养鱼者通过补充类胡萝卜素来改善鱼的颜色和健康状况。
