PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Vascular aging represents a collection of structural and functional changes in a blood vessel with advancing age, including increased stiffness, vascular wall remodeling, loss of angiogenic ability, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation dysfunction. These age-related alterations may occur earlier in those who are at risk for or have cardiovascular diseases, therefore, are defined as early or premature vascular aging. Vascular aging contributes independently to cardio-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs). Thus, early diagnosis and interventions targeting vascular aging are of paramount importance in the delay or prevention of CCVDs. Here, we review the direct assessment of vascular aging by examining parameters that reflect changes in structure, function, or their compliance with age including arterial wall thickness and lumen diameter, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, arterial stiffness as well as indirect assessment through pathological studies of biomarkers including endothelial progenitor cell, lymphocytic telomeres, advanced glycation end-products, and C-reactive protein. Further, we evaluate how different types of interventions including lifestyle mediation, such as caloric restriction and salt intake, and treatments for hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia affect age-related vascular changes. As a single parameter or intervention targets only a certain vascular physiological change, it is recommended to use multiple parameters to evaluate and design intervention approaches accordingly to prevent systemic vascular aging in clinical practices or population-based studies.
摘要：
血管老化代表血管结构和功能变化的集合随着年龄的增长，包括增加的刚度，血管壁重塑，血管生成能力的丧失，和内皮依赖性血管舒张功能障碍。这些与年龄相关的改变可能发生在那些有心血管疾病风险或患有心血管疾病的人中。因此,被定义为早期或过早的血管老化。血管老化独立地导致心脑血管疾病（CCVD）。因此，早期诊断和针对血管老化的干预措施对于延迟或预防CCVD至关重要.这里,我们通过检查反映结构变化的参数来回顾血管老化的直接评估，函数,或其对年龄的依从性，包括动脉壁厚度和管腔直径，内皮依赖性血管舒张,动脉僵硬度以及通过包括内皮祖细胞在内的生物标志物的病理研究进行间接评估，淋巴细胞端粒，糖基化终产物，和C反应蛋白.Further,我们评估不同类型的干预措施，包括生活方式调解，如热量限制和盐摄入，和高血压的治疗方法，糖尿病,和高脂血症影响年龄相关的血管变化。作为单一参数或干预目标，只有一定的血管生理变化，在临床实践或基于人群的研究中,建议使用多个参数来评估和设计干预方法,以预防全身血管老化.
