PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The microbiome profiles of poultry production systems significantly impact bird health, welfare, and the environment. This study investigated the influence of broiler-rearing systems on the microbiome composition of commercial and backyard chicken farms and their environment over time. Understanding these effects is vital for optimizing animal growth, enhancing welfare, and addressing human and environmental health implications. We collected and analyzed various samples from commercial and backyard farms, revealing significant differences in microbial diversity measurements between the two systems. Backyard farms exhibited higher alpha diversity measurements in soil and water samples, while commercial farms showed higher values for litter and feeder samples. The differences in microbial diversity were also reflected in the relative abundance of various microbial taxa. In backyard farms, Proteobacteria levels increased over time, while Firmicutes levels decreased. Campilobacterota, including the major poultry foodborne pathogen Campylobacter, increased over time in commercial farm environments. Furthermore, Bacteroides, associated with improved growth performance in chickens, were more abundant in backyard farms. Conversely, pathogenic Acinetobacter was significantly higher in backyard chicken fecal and feeder swab samples. The presence of Brevibacterium and Brachybacterium, associated with low-performing broiler flocks, was significantly higher in commercial farm samples. The observed differences in microbial composition and diversity suggest that farm management practices and environmental conditions significantly affect poultry health and welfare and have potential implications for human and environmental health. Understanding these relationships can inform targeted interventions to optimize poultry production, improve animal welfare, and mitigate foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance risks. IMPORTANCE The microbiome of poultry production systems has garnered significant attention due to its implications on bird health, welfare, and overall performance. The present study investigates the impact of different broiler-rearing systems, namely, commercial (conventional) and backyard (non-conventional), on the microbiome profiles of chickens and their environment over time. Understanding the influence of these systems on microbiome composition is a critical aspect of the One-Health concept, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of animal, human, and environmental health. Our findings demonstrate that the type of broiler production system significantly affects both the birds and their environment, with distinct microbial communities associated with each system. This study reveals the presence of specific microbial taxa that differ in abundance between commercial and backyard poultry farms, providing valuable insights into the management practices that may alter the microbiome in these settings. Furthermore, the dynamic changes in microbial composition over time observed in our study highlight the complex interplay between the poultry gut microbiome, environmental factors, and production systems. By identifying the key microbial players and their fluctuations in commercial and backyard broiler production systems, this research offers a foundation for developing targeted strategies to optimize bird health and welfare while minimizing the potential risks to human and environmental health. The results contribute to a growing body of knowledge in the field of poultry microbiome research and have the potential to guide future improvements in poultry production practices that promote a sustainable and healthy balance between the birds, their environment, and the microbial communities they host.
摘要：
家禽生产系统的微生物组谱显著影响鸟类健康，福利,和环境。这项研究调查了肉鸡饲养系统对商业和后院养鸡场微生物组组成及其环境的影响。了解这些影响对于优化动物生长至关重要，增进福利,并解决对人类和环境健康的影响。我们收集并分析了商业和后院农场的各种样本，揭示了两个系统之间微生物多样性测量的显著差异。后院农场在土壤和水样本中表现出更高的α多样性测量值，而商业农场的凋落物和饲养物样本价值较高。微生物多样性的差异也反映在各种微生物类群的相对丰度上。在后院农场，变形杆菌水平随着时间的推移而增加，而Firmicutes水平下降。弯曲杆菌,包括主要的家禽食源性病原体弯曲杆菌，在商业农场环境中随着时间的推移而增加。此外，拟杆菌,与鸡生长性能的提高有关，在后院农场更丰富。相反，在后院鸡粪便和饲养拭子样品中，致病性不动杆菌明显更高。短杆菌属和短杆菌属的存在，与低表现的肉鸡群相关，在商业农场样本中明显更高。观察到的微生物组成和多样性的差异表明，农场管理实践和环境条件显着影响家禽的健康和福利，并对人类和环境健康具有潜在影响。了解这些关系可以提供有针对性的干预措施，以优化家禽生产，改善动物福利，减轻食源性病原体和抗菌素耐药性风险。重要性家禽生产系统的微生物组由于其对鸟类健康的影响而引起了极大的关注，福利,和整体性能。本研究调查了不同肉鸡饲养系统的影响，即,商业（常规）和后院（非常规），随着时间的推移，鸡的微生物组及其环境。了解这些系统对微生物组组成的影响是“单一健康”概念的一个关键方面。强调动物的相互联系，人类,和环境健康。我们的发现表明，肉鸡生产系统的类型显着影响鸟类及其环境，与每个系统相关的不同微生物群落。这项研究揭示了特定微生物类群的存在，在商业和后院家禽养殖场之间存在丰富的差异，为可能改变这些环境中微生物组的管理实践提供有价值的见解。此外，在我们的研究中观察到的微生物组成随时间的动态变化突出了家禽肠道微生物组之间复杂的相互作用，环境因素,和生产系统。通过确定关键的微生物参与者及其在商业和后院肉鸡生产系统中的波动，这项研究为制定有针对性的策略提供了基础，以优化鸟类的健康和福利，同时最大限度地减少对人类和环境健康的潜在风险。这些结果有助于在家禽微生物组研究领域不断增长的知识，并有可能指导家禽生产实践的未来改进，促进鸟类之间的可持续和健康的平衡，他们的环境,以及它们宿主的微生物群落。
