Abstract：
The increasing use of the herbicide mixture of glyphosate, dicamba and 2-4-D to deal with glyphosate-resistant weeds raises concerns regarding human health and environmental risks. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of developmental exposure to glyphosate and a herbicide mixture containing glyphosate, dicamba and 2-4-D on rat dams\' kidney and thyroid function and offspring\'s health. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed from day-6 of gestation till weaning to regulatory relevant doses of glyphosate corresponding to the European Union (EU) acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 mg/kg bw/day), and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL; 50 mg/kg bw/day), and to a mixture of glyphosate, dicamba and 2,4-D all at the EU ADI (0.5, 0.002 and 0.3 mg/kg bw/day) respectively. After weaning the dams were sacrificed and blood and organs were collected. The pups\' health was assessed by measuring viability, gestational and anogenital indices. Perinatal exposure to GLY alone and the herbicide mixture resulted in anti-androgenic effects in male offspring. In dams, exposure to glyphosate resulted in kidney glomerular and tubular dysfunction as well as increased thyroid hormone levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exposure to the herbicide mixture resulted in effects similar to those observed with glyphosate at the NOAEL, suggesting at least an additive effect of the herbicide mixture at doses individually considered safe for humans.
摘要：
草甘膦除草剂混合物的使用越来越多，麦草畏和2-4-D处理抗草甘膦杂草引起了人们对人类健康和环境风险的关注。本研究旨在评估发育暴露于草甘膦和含有草甘膦的除草剂混合物的影响，麦草畏和2-4-D对大鼠肾脏和甲状腺功能以及后代健康的影响。怀孕的Wistar大鼠从妊娠的第6天开始，直到断奶为止，暴露于与欧盟（EU）可接受的每日摄入量（ADI；0.5mg/kgbw/day）相对应的规定相关剂量的草甘膦，和未观察到的不良反应水平（NOAEL；50mg/kgbw/day），和草甘膦的混合物，麦草畏和2,4-D均为欧盟ADI（分别为0.5、0.002和0.3mg/kgbw/天）。断奶后，处死大坝并收集血液和器官。通过测量生存能力来评估幼犬的健康状况，妊娠和肛门生殖器指数。围产期单独暴露于GLY和除草剂混合物会在雄性后代中产生抗雄激素作用。在水坝里,暴露于草甘膦导致肾小球和肾小管功能障碍以及甲状腺激素水平以剂量依赖性方式增加。此外，暴露于除草剂混合物导致的效果与在NOAEL的草甘膦观察到的效果相似，这表明，在单独认为对人类安全的剂量下，除草剂混合物至少具有累加作用。
