PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Most research on cognition behind religious belief assumes that understanding of other minds is culturally uniform and follows the Western model of mind, which posits that (a) others\' thoughts can be known and (b) action is best explained by mental state inference. This is potentially problematic if, as a growing body of evidence suggests, other populations view minds differently. We recruit Indigenous iTaukei Fijians who hold (a) a model of mind that discourages mental state inference and (b) co-existing Christian (Western) and traditional supernatural agent beliefs. Study 1 (N = 108), uses free-listing to examine how Western and local models of mind relate to beliefs. The Christian God cares about internal states and traits (aligning with the Western model of mind). Study 2 tests whether evoking God triggers intent focus in moral reasoning. Instead, God appears to enforce cultural models of mind in iTaukei (N = 151) and North Americans (N = 561). Expected divine judgement mirrors human judgement; iTaukei (N = 90) expect God to emphasise outcome, while Indo-Fijians (N = 219) and North Americans (N = 412) expect God to emphasise intent. When reminded to think about thoughts, iTaukei (N = 72) expect God to judge outcomes less harshly. Results suggest cultural/cognitive co-evolution: introduced cultural forms can spread new cognitive approaches, while Indigenous beliefs can persist as a reflection of local institutions.
摘要：
大多数关于宗教信仰背后的认知的研究都假设对其他思想的理解在文化上是统一的，并且遵循西方的思想模式，假设（a）可以知道其他人的思想，（b）通过精神状态推断可以最好地解释行动。这可能是有问题的，如果，越来越多的证据表明，其他人群对思想的看法不同。我们招募土著iTaukei斐济人，他们持有（a）一种阻止精神状态推断的思维模式，以及（b）并存的基督教（西方）和传统的超自然代理人信念。研究1（N=108），使用自由列表来检查西方和当地的思维模式与信仰的关系。基督教上帝关心内部状态和特质（与西方的思维模式相一致）。研究2测试唤起上帝是否会触发道德推理中的意图焦点。相反，上帝似乎在iTaukei（N=151）和北美（N=561）中实施了思想的文化模式。预期的神圣判断反映了人类的判断；iTaukei（N=90）期望上帝强调结果，而印度-斐济人（N=219）和北美人（N=412）期望上帝强调意图。当被提醒思考思想时，iTaukei（N=72）期望上帝不那么严厉地判断结果。结果表明文化/认知共同进化：引入的文化形式可以传播新的认知方法，而土著信仰可以作为当地机构的反映而持续存在。
