Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Executive impairments are frequent and may concern a large spectrum of health conditions throughout life. Given the complexity of the executive functions, their assessment requires the administration of multiple tests. There is only one source of French-language normative data for seven traditional executive tests for adults under age 50. The aim of the present study was to establish demographically adjusted normative data of four executive tests commonly used during the neuropsychological assessment in France for adults aged 18-65.
METHODS: The following tools were administered to 518 community adults aged from 18 to 65: Digit Span, Trail Making Test, Color Word Interference Test, and Verbal Fluency Test. An Overall Test Battery Mean was computed. Multiple regressions were computed for normally distributed scores and percentiles were established for non-normally distributed scores.
RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses indicated that younger age and higher education were both associated with better performance. Age did not predict the number of correct responses on the Verbal Fluency Test. Gender did not have any effect on executive performances. Regression equations to calculate Z-scores are presented. Percentiles are presented for the number of recorded errors on the Trail Making Test, Color Word Interference Test, and Verbal Fluency Test.
CONCLUSIONS: We provide reliable and updated norms for four executive tests that are among the most used by clinical neuropsychologists in France. Our work represents a valuable addition to the limited norms currently available for the assessment of executive functions in French young and middle-aged adults.
METHODS: The following tools were administered to 518 community adults aged from 18 to 65: Digit Span, Trail Making Test, Color Word Interference Test, and Verbal Fluency Test. An Overall Test Battery Mean was computed. Multiple regressions were computed for normally distributed scores and percentiles were established for non-normally distributed scores.
RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses indicated that younger age and higher education were both associated with better performance. Age did not predict the number of correct responses on the Verbal Fluency Test. Gender did not have any effect on executive performances. Regression equations to calculate Z-scores are presented. Percentiles are presented for the number of recorded errors on the Trail Making Test, Color Word Interference Test, and Verbal Fluency Test.
CONCLUSIONS: We provide reliable and updated norms for four executive tests that are among the most used by clinical neuropsychologists in France. Our work represents a valuable addition to the limited norms currently available for the assessment of executive functions in French young and middle-aged adults.
摘要：
目的：执行障碍是常见的，可能涉及整个生命的大范围的健康状况。鉴于执行功能的复杂性，他们的评估需要管理多个测试。针对50岁以下成年人的七项传统高管考试，只有一种法语规范数据来源。本研究的目的是建立在法国18-65岁成年人的神经心理学评估中常用的四种执行测试的人口统计学调整的规范数据。
方法：对518名18至65岁的社区成年人使用以下工具：数字跨度，跟踪测试，颜色字干涉测试，和口语流利度测试。计算总测试电池平均值。计算正态分布分数的多元回归，并建立非正态分布分数的百分位数。
结果：多元回归分析表明，年龄较小和受教育程度较高都与较好的表现相关。年龄无法预测言语流利度测试中正确反应的数量。性别对高管绩效没有任何影响。给出了计算Z分数的回归方程。百分位数是针对跟踪测试中记录的错误数，颜色字干涉测试，和口语流利度测试。
结论：我们为法国临床神经心理学家使用最多的四种执行测试提供了可靠和更新的规范。我们的工作是对目前可用于评估法国中青年执行功能的有限规范的宝贵补充。
方法：对518名18至65岁的社区成年人使用以下工具：数字跨度，跟踪测试，颜色字干涉测试，和口语流利度测试。计算总测试电池平均值。计算正态分布分数的多元回归，并建立非正态分布分数的百分位数。
结果：多元回归分析表明，年龄较小和受教育程度较高都与较好的表现相关。年龄无法预测言语流利度测试中正确反应的数量。性别对高管绩效没有任何影响。给出了计算Z分数的回归方程。百分位数是针对跟踪测试中记录的错误数，颜色字干涉测试，和口语流利度测试。
结论：我们为法国临床神经心理学家使用最多的四种执行测试提供了可靠和更新的规范。我们的工作是对目前可用于评估法国中青年执行功能的有限规范的宝贵补充。
