Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Some methods have been developed to solve flat and/or inverted nipple problems. This study aimed to examine the effects of flat and/or inverted nipple interventions on nipples and breastfeeding.
METHODS: Before initiating the review, the protocol was registered in the \'PROSPERO\' database. This study was based on the PRISMA-P guideline. Seven databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, TÜBİTAK Ulakbim and Google Scholar) were searched, and nine studies were included in this review.
RESULTS: Hoffman\'s exercise, the inverted syringe method, and the nipple exercise was quite effective in increasing breastfeeding success. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first, third, and sixth months of mothers followed up with postpartum multidimensional visits was found to be significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). A study in which a rubber band was applied with the help of an injector on flat and inverted nipples showed that 63% of mothers on the third day and all of them in the first month were able to breastfeed without a rubber band. Hoffman\'s exercise, the inverted syringe technique, and rubber bands corrected the flat and/or inverted nipple. There were studies reporting complications as a result of nipple interventions.
CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to disseminate the information that breastfeeding of mothers with flat and/or inverted nipples can be sustained with various interventions. Furthermore, it is believed that providing mothers with a chance to choose the interventions, and thus, the compliance of mothers to the intervention with the method of their choice may increase the success of the intervention.
METHODS: Before initiating the review, the protocol was registered in the \'PROSPERO\' database. This study was based on the PRISMA-P guideline. Seven databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, TÜBİTAK Ulakbim and Google Scholar) were searched, and nine studies were included in this review.
RESULTS: Hoffman\'s exercise, the inverted syringe method, and the nipple exercise was quite effective in increasing breastfeeding success. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first, third, and sixth months of mothers followed up with postpartum multidimensional visits was found to be significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). A study in which a rubber band was applied with the help of an injector on flat and inverted nipples showed that 63% of mothers on the third day and all of them in the first month were able to breastfeed without a rubber band. Hoffman\'s exercise, the inverted syringe technique, and rubber bands corrected the flat and/or inverted nipple. There were studies reporting complications as a result of nipple interventions.
CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to disseminate the information that breastfeeding of mothers with flat and/or inverted nipples can be sustained with various interventions. Furthermore, it is believed that providing mothers with a chance to choose the interventions, and thus, the compliance of mothers to the intervention with the method of their choice may increase the success of the intervention.
摘要：
背景：已经开发了一些方法来解决乳头扁平和/或倒置的问题。这项研究旨在研究扁平和/或乳头倒置干预对乳头和母乳喂养的影响。
方法：在开始审查之前，协议已在\'PROSPERO\'数据库中注册。本研究基于PRISMA-P指南。七个数据库(WebofScience，PubMed,ScienceDirect,Scopus,科克伦图书馆,搜索了TüBñTAKUlakbim和GoogleScholar），本综述纳入了9项研究.
结果：霍夫曼的练习，倒置注射器法,乳头锻炼对提高母乳喂养成功率非常有效。第一次纯母乳喂养率，第三,第6个月的母亲产后多维随访发现，干预组明显高于对照组（p<0.05）。一项研究表明，在扁平和倒置的乳头上使用注射器的帮助下，有63％的母亲在第三天和第一个月的所有母亲都能够在没有橡皮筋的情况下进行母乳喂养。霍夫曼的练习,倒置注射器技术，和橡皮筋矫正扁平和/或倒置的乳头。有研究报告了由于乳头干预而引起的并发症。
结论：有必要传播以下信息，即通过各种干预措施可以维持乳头扁平和/或倒置的母亲的母乳喂养。此外，据信，为母亲提供选择干预措施的机会，因此，母亲对选择的干预方法的依从性可能会增加干预的成功率。
方法：在开始审查之前，协议已在\'PROSPERO\'数据库中注册。本研究基于PRISMA-P指南。七个数据库(WebofScience，PubMed,ScienceDirect,Scopus,科克伦图书馆,搜索了TüBñTAKUlakbim和GoogleScholar），本综述纳入了9项研究.
结果：霍夫曼的练习，倒置注射器法,乳头锻炼对提高母乳喂养成功率非常有效。第一次纯母乳喂养率，第三,第6个月的母亲产后多维随访发现，干预组明显高于对照组（p<0.05）。一项研究表明，在扁平和倒置的乳头上使用注射器的帮助下，有63％的母亲在第三天和第一个月的所有母亲都能够在没有橡皮筋的情况下进行母乳喂养。霍夫曼的练习,倒置注射器技术，和橡皮筋矫正扁平和/或倒置的乳头。有研究报告了由于乳头干预而引起的并发症。
结论：有必要传播以下信息，即通过各种干预措施可以维持乳头扁平和/或倒置的母亲的母乳喂养。此外，据信，为母亲提供选择干预措施的机会，因此，母亲对选择的干预方法的依从性可能会增加干预的成功率。
