Abstract：
Gastrointestinal cancer remains a significant global health burden. The pursuit of advancing the comprehension of tumorigenesis, along with the identification of reliable biomarkers and the development of precise therapeutic strategies, represents imperative objectives in this field. Exosomes, small membranous vesicles released by most cells, commonly carry functional biomolecules, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are specifically sorted and encapsulated by exosomes. Exosome-mediated communication involves the release of exosomes from tumor or stromal cells and the uptake by nearby or remote recipient cells. The bioactive cargoes contained within these exosomes exert profound effects on the recipient cells, resulting in significant modifications in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and distinct alterations in gastrointestinal tumor behaviors. Due to the feasibility of isolating exosomes from various bodily fluids, exosomal ncRNAs have shown great potential as liquid biopsy-based indicators for different gastrointestinal cancers, using blood, ascites, saliva, or bile samples. Moreover, exosomes are increasingly recognized as natural delivery vehicles for ncRNA-based therapeutic interventions. In this review, we elucidate the processes of ncRNA-enriched exosome biogenesis and uptake, examine the regulatory and functional roles of exosomal ncRNA-mediated intercellular crosstalk in gastrointestinal TME and tumor behaviors, and explore their potential clinical utility in diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics.
摘要：
胃肠道癌症仍然是一个重大的全球健康负担。追求推进对肿瘤发生的理解，随着可靠生物标志物的识别和精确治疗策略的发展，代表了这一领域的迫切目标。外泌体,大多数细胞释放的小膜囊泡，通常携带功能性生物分子，包括非编码RNA（ncRNAs），它们被外来体专门分类和封装。外泌体介导的通讯涉及外泌体从肿瘤或基质细胞的释放以及附近或远程受体细胞的摄取。这些外泌体中包含的生物活性物质对受体细胞产生深远的影响，导致肿瘤微环境（TME）的显着改变和胃肠道肿瘤行为的明显改变。由于从各种体液中分离外泌体的可行性，外泌体ncRNAs已显示出作为基于液体活检的不同胃肠道癌症指标的巨大潜力。使用血液，腹水,唾液,或胆汁样本。此外，外泌体越来越被认为是基于ncRNA的治疗干预的天然递送载体.在这次审查中,我们阐明了富含ncRNA的外泌体生物发生和摄取的过程，检查外泌体ncRNA介导的细胞间串扰在胃肠道TME和肿瘤行为中的调控和功能作用，并探索它们在诊断中的潜在临床效用，预测,和治疗学。
