Abstract：
The obstetrical dilemma describes the competing demands that a bipedally adapted pelvis and a large-brained neonate place on human childbirth and is the predominant model within which hypotheses about the evolution of the pelvis are framed. I argue the obstetrical dilemma follows the adaptationist program outlined by Gould and Lewontin in 1979 and should be replaced with a new model, the multifactor pelvis. This change will allow thorough consideration of nonadaptive explanations for the evolution of the human pelvis and avoid negative social impacts from considering human childbirth inherently dangerous. First, the atomization of the pelvis into discrete traits is discussed, after which current evidence for both adaptive and nonadaptive hypotheses is evaluated, including childbirth, locomotion, shared genetics with other traits under selection, evolutionary history, genetic drift, and environmental and epigenetic influences on the pelvis.
摘要：
产科困境描述了双足适应的骨盆和大脑新生儿在人类分娩时的相互竞争的需求，并且是主要的模型，在该模型中，提出了有关骨盆进化的假设。我认为产科困境遵循Gould和Lewontin在1979年概述的适应主义计划，应该用新模型代替，多因素骨盆.这一变化将允许彻底考虑人类骨盆进化的非适应性解释，并避免考虑人类分娩固有危险的负面社会影响。首先,讨论了骨盆雾化为离散特征的过程，之后，对适应性和非适应性假设的当前证据进行评估，包括分娩,运动，与其他被选择的性状共享遗传学，进化史,遗传漂移，以及环境和表观遗传对骨盆的影响。
