Abstract：
Osteoporosis is one of the skeletal diseases of major health concern worldwide. Homeostasis of bone occurs with the help of cells, namely, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Physiological and pathological conditions involve the death of the cells by apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. Apoptosis is a key factor in the growth, development, and maintenance of the skeleton. Apoptosis is generated by two pathways: the intrinsic (mitochondria) and extrinsic (death receptor) pathways. Osteoblast apoptosis is governed by the factors like B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide- 3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3-K/Akt), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and bone matrix protein. Cytokines interact with osteocytes and induce apoptosis. A pro-inflammatory signal stimulates osteocyte apoptosis and increases osteocyte cytokines production. Current therapies have adverse effects which limit their applications. Various plant metabolites have shown beneficial effects on bone. The present review converses about normal bone metabolism and the mechanism of apoptosis leading to bone deterioration. Furthermore, it discusses the role of plant metabolites on bone apoptosis with related indications of efficacy in various experimental models.
摘要：
骨质疏松症是世界范围内主要健康关注的骨骼疾病之一。骨骼的稳态发生在细胞的帮助下，即,成骨细胞和破骨细胞。生理和病理条件涉及细胞凋亡的死亡，自噬,和坏死。细胞凋亡是细胞生长的关键因素,发展,和骨架的维护。凋亡由两种途径产生:内在(线粒体)和外在(死亡受体)途径。成骨细胞凋亡受B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)家族蛋白、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK），丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK），磷酸肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3-K/Akt），Janus激酶2(JAK2),骨形态发生蛋白（BMP），和骨基质蛋白。细胞因子与骨细胞相互作用并诱导细胞凋亡。促炎信号刺激骨细胞凋亡并增加骨细胞细胞因子的产生。目前的疗法具有限制其应用的不利影响。各种植物代谢物已显示出对骨骼的有益作用。本文综述了正常骨代谢和细胞凋亡导致骨恶化的机制。此外，它讨论了植物代谢物在各种实验模型中对骨凋亡的作用以及相关的功效指示。
