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Abstract：
Vaccination against malaria is an old dream that reemerged in 2015 with the European Medicines Agency\'s favourable opinion on a first antimalarial vaccine, RTS,S/ AS01. Six years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) is advising a wide deployment of this vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa and in regions with high and moderate transmission where Plasmodium falciparum circulates. This follows favourable results from the pilot programme in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi involving over 800,000 children since 2019. This article addresses the objectives and main vaccine candidates targeting the different stages of parasite development, highlighting the progress and limitations of these different approaches. The RTS,S saga has been a milestone in vaccine development, with a first-generation vaccine recommended by the WHO for use in children over 5 months of age in sub-Saharan Africa and other areas of moderate to high transmission of P. falciparum malaria, in combination with other prevention measures. Research efforts continue to better understand the correlates of protection. With advances in vaccine platforms, new multi-antigen, multi-stage, and even multi-species approaches might emerge and brighten the horizon for malaria control.
摘要：
针对疟疾的疫苗接种是一个古老的梦想，在2015年随着欧洲药品管理局对第一种抗疟疾疫苗的有利意见而重新出现，RTS,S/AS01。六年后,世界卫生组织（世卫组织）建议在撒哈拉以南非洲和恶性疟原虫传播的高和中度传播地区广泛部署这种疫苗。这是加纳试点方案取得的有利结果，自2019年以来，肯尼亚和马拉维涉及80多万儿童。本文介绍了针对寄生虫发育的不同阶段的目标和主要疫苗候选物，强调这些不同方法的进展和局限性。RTS,Saga一直是疫苗开发的里程碑，世卫组织推荐的第一代疫苗用于撒哈拉以南非洲和其他恶性疟原虫疟疾中度至高度传播地区5个月以上的儿童，与其他预防措施相结合。研究工作继续更好地了解保护的相关性。随着疫苗平台的进步，新的多抗原，多阶段,甚至多物种方法也可能出现，并照亮疟疾控制的视野。
