Abstract：
Ethical discussions around ancient DNA (aDNA) research predate the technological breakthroughs that led to the accelerated generation of ancient genomic data, revealing a long-due need to address these aspects in the field. Given the diverse conflicts that genomics has raised towards the communities associated with the Non-living Human Ancestors under study, it has been suggested that the ethical and legal implications of genetically studying present-day and ancient human populations should be considered case-by-case. Nevertheless, the discussions have focused on US and European perspectives. To contribute from a local and Latin American position to the problem, we present the history of consensus and disagreement of the relationships between scientists and Indigenous communities of the Atlantic coast of the central Argentinian Patagonia. We describe how these relationships resulted in the approval of a groundbreaking provincial law that acknowledges the Indigenous community\'s right to be involved in decision-making concerning their Ancestors. In addition, we emphasize how these established relationships allowed the development of aDNA studies. With this background, we address the main ethical concerns of genomic studies of Ancestors identified in the reference literature and commit to applying some of the recommendations suggested in those ethical guidelines. Then, we reflect on possible negative consequences of ongoing research and propose some suggestions based on personal experiences that will contribute to moving the ethical field towards a more contextualized science with a local perspective.
摘要：
围绕古代DNA（aDNA）研究的伦理讨论早于导致古代基因组数据加速生成的技术突破，揭示了在该领域解决这些方面的长期需求。鉴于基因组学对与研究中的非生物祖先相关的社区产生了各种冲突，有人建议，应逐案考虑对当今和古代人类进行基因研究的伦理和法律含义。然而，讨论集中在美国和欧洲的观点。为了从当地和拉丁美洲的立场来解决这个问题，我们介绍了阿根廷中部巴塔哥尼亚大西洋沿岸科学家与土著社区之间关系的共识和分歧的历史。我们描述了这些关系如何导致批准一项开创性的省级法律，该法律承认土著社区有权参与有关其祖先的决策。此外,我们强调这些已建立的关系如何允许aDNA研究的发展。在这样的背景下,我们解决了参考文献中确定的祖先基因组研究的主要伦理问题,并致力于应用这些伦理指南中建议的一些建议.然后，我们反思了正在进行的研究可能产生的负面影响，并根据个人经验提出了一些建议，这些建议将有助于将伦理领域推向具有本地视角的更多情境化的科学。
