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Abstract：
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and hypertension, are the global leading causes of death, accounting for more than 30% of deaths worldwide. Although the risk factors of CVDs have been well understood and various treatment and preventive measures have been established, the mortality rate and the financial burden of CVDs are expected to grow exponentially over time due to the changes in lifestyles and increasing life expectancies of the present generation. Recent advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics analysis have identified gut microbiome and its associated metabolites as potential risk factors for CVDs, suggesting the possibility of developing more effective novel therapeutic strategies against CVD. In addition, increasing evidence has demonstrated the alterations in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the imbalance of microbial-dependent metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVD. However, the exact mechanism of action remains undefined to this day. In this review, we focus on the compositional changes in the gut microbiome and its related metabolites in various CVDs. Moreover, the potential treatment and preventive strategies targeting the gut microbiome and its metabolites are discussed.
摘要：
心血管疾病（CVDs），包括冠状动脉疾病,中风,心力衰竭,和高血压，是全球主要的死亡原因，占全球死亡人数的30%以上。尽管对心血管疾病的危险因素已经有了很好的了解，并且已经建立了各种治疗和预防措施，由于生活方式的变化和当代人的预期寿命的增加，预计心血管疾病的死亡率和经济负担将随着时间的推移呈指数级增长。宏基因组学和代谢组学分析的最新进展已经确定肠道微生物组及其相关代谢物是心血管疾病的潜在危险因素。提示开发针对CVD的更有效的新治疗策略的可能性。此外,越来越多的证据表明，厚壁菌与拟杆菌的比例发生了变化，微生物依赖性代谢产物的失衡，包括短链脂肪酸和三甲胺N-氧化物，在CVD的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。然而,确切的作用机制至今仍未定义。在这次审查中,我们关注各种CVD中肠道微生物组及其相关代谢产物的组成变化。此外，讨论了针对肠道微生物组及其代谢产物的潜在治疗和预防策略。
