Abstract：
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are RNA transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides were believed to lack any protein-coding capacity. But advancements in -omics technology have revealed that some lncRNAs have small open reading frames (sORFs) that can be translated by ribosomes to encode peptides, some of which have important biological functions. These encoded peptides subserve important biological functions by interacting with their targets to modulate transcriptional or signalling axes, thereby enhancing or suppressing cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurrence and progression. In this review, we summarize what is known about the research strategy of lncRNA-encoded peptides, mainly comprising predictive websites/tools and experimental methods that have been widely used for prediction, identification, and validation. More importantly, we have compiled a list of lncRNA- encoded peptides, with a focus on those that play significant roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, including ENSRNOT (RNO)-sORF6/RNO-sORF7/RNO-sORF8, dwarf open reading frame (DOWRF), myoregulin (NLN), etc. Additionally, we have outlined the functions and mechanisms of these peptides in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial contraction, myocardial infarction, and vascular remodelling. Finally, an overview of the existing challenges and potential future developments in the realm of lncRNA-encoded peptides was provided, with consideration given to prospective avenues for further research. Given that many lncRNA-encoded peptides have not been functionally annotated yet, their application in CVD diagnosis and treatment still requires further research.
摘要：
长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），它们是超过200个核苷酸的RNA转录物，被认为缺乏任何蛋白质编码能力。但是组学技术的进步表明，一些lncRNAs具有小的开放阅读框（sORF），可以被核糖体翻译以编码肽，其中一些具有重要的生物学功能。这些编码的肽通过与它们的靶标相互作用来调节转录或信号轴，从而发挥重要的生物学功能。从而增强或抑制CVD的发生和进展。在这次审查中,我们总结了关于lncRNA编码肽的研究策略，主要包括已广泛用于预测的预测网站/工具和实验方法，identification,和验证。更重要的是,我们已经编制了一个lncRNA编码肽的列表，重点关注那些在心血管生理学和病理学中起重要作用的人，包括RNO-sORF6/RNO-sORF7/RNO-sORF8,DOWRF,和NLN等。此外,我们概述了这些肽在心血管生理和病理中的功能和机制，比如心肌细胞肥大，心肌收缩,心肌梗死和血管重塑。最后,概述了lncRNA编码肽领域的现有挑战和潜在的未来发展，考虑到进一步研究的未来途径。鉴于许多lncRNA编码的肽尚未被功能注释，它们在CVD诊断和治疗中的应用仍需进一步研究。
