PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Microorganisms that can withstand high pressure within an environment are termed piezophiles. These organisms are considered extremophiles and inhabit the deep marine or terrestrial subsurface. Because these microorganisms are not easily accessed and require expensive sampling methods and laboratory instruments, advancements in this field have been limited compared to other extremophiles. This review summarizes the current knowledge on piezophiles, notably the cellular and physiological adaptations that such microorganisms possess to withstand and grow in high-pressure environments. Based on existing studies, organisms from both the deep marine and terrestrial subsurface show similar adaptations to high pressure, including increased motility, an increase of unsaturated bonds within the cell membrane lipids, upregulation of heat shock proteins, and differential gene-regulation systems. Notably, more adaptations have been identified within the deep marine subsurface organisms due to the relative paucity of studies performed on deep terrestrial subsurface environments. Nevertheless, similar adaptations have been found within piezophiles from both systems, and therefore the microbial biogeography concepts used to assess microbial dispersal and explore if similar organisms can be found throughout deep terrestrial environments are also briefly discussed.
摘要：
可以在环境中承受高压的微生物被称为亲压电体。这些生物被认为是极端微生物，并栖息在深海或陆地地下。因为这些微生物不易获取，需要昂贵的取样方法和实验室仪器，与其他极端微生物相比，该领域的进展有限。这篇综述总结了当前关于压电材料的知识，特别是这些微生物在高压环境中承受和生长的细胞和生理适应性。根据现有研究，来自深海和陆地地下的生物对高压表现出相似的适应，包括增加的运动性，细胞膜脂质内不饱和键的增加，热休克蛋白的上调，和差异基因调控系统。值得注意的是,由于在深海地下环境中进行的研究相对较少，因此在深海地下生物中已经确定了更多的适应性。然而，在两个系统的压电元件中都发现了类似的适应，因此，还简要讨论了用于评估微生物扩散和探索在整个深层陆地环境中是否可以找到类似生物的微生物生物地理学概念。
