PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Skin pigmentation is the most variable human characteristic that can be observed and has been used throughout history to classify humans into distinct groups. Many factors influence skin colour, but the melanin pigment is considered the most important because its type and quantity can determine variations in pigmentation shades. The evolution of skin pigmentation started around 1.6-2 million years ago. As a result of migratory phenomena to places with less ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and other seasonal regimes, the selection of depigmented skin and different tanning capabilities occurred over time. Thus, genetic adaptation to new environmental conditions gradually led to changes in skin pigmentation. Despite the biological importance of pigmentation, variation in skin colour has led to social and health inequalities. Since Linnaeus, skin colour classifications have been used to describe different human groups, encouraging the misuse of a biological characteristic. This review examines the characterisation of pigmentation and its evolution through history and society. The unequal perception of pigmentation diversity has led to an incomplete state of dermatological training and issues in medical approach in dermatology. The consciousness of all these aspects increases the need to address and overcome dermatologic and social health disparities related to skin pigmentation.
摘要：
皮肤色素沉着是可以观察到的最可变的人类特征，并且在整个历史中一直用于将人类分类为不同的组。许多因素影响肤色，但是黑色素被认为是最重要的，因为它的类型和数量可以决定色素色调的变化。皮肤色素沉着的演变大约在160万年前开始。由于迁移现象到紫外线辐射（UVR）较少的地方和其他季节性制度，随着时间的推移，对褪色皮肤的选择和不同的晒黑能力发生。因此，对新环境条件的遗传适应逐渐导致皮肤色素沉着的变化。尽管色素沉着的生物学重要性，肤色的变化导致了社会和健康的不平等。自从Linnaeus,肤色分类已被用来描述不同的人群，鼓励滥用生物学特性。这篇综述探讨了色素沉着的特征及其在历史和社会中的演变。对色素沉着多样性的不平等感知导致了皮肤病学培训的不完整状态和皮肤病学医学方法的问题。所有这些方面的意识增加了解决和克服与皮肤色素沉着相关的皮肤病学和社会健康差异的需要。
