PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Nutrition and metabolism modify epigenetic signatures like histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Histone acetylation and DNA methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) can be altered by bioactive nutrients and gut microbiome via the gut-brain axis, which in turn modulate neuronal activity and behavior. Notably, the gut microbiome, with more than 1000 bacterial species, collectively contains almost three million functional genes whose products interact with millions of human epigenetic marks and 30,000 genes in a dynamic manner. However, genetic makeup shapes gut microbiome composition, food/nutrient metabolism, and epigenetic landscape, as well. Here, we first discuss the effect of changes in the microbial structure and composition in shaping specific epigenetic alterations in the brain and their role in the onset and progression of major mental disorders. Afterward, potential interactions among maternal diet/environmental factors, nutrition, and gastrointestinal microbiome, and their roles in accelerating or delaying the onset of severe mental illnesses via epigenetic changes will be discussed. We also provide an overview of the association between the gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, we present some underlying mechanisms involved in mediating the influence of the gut microbiome and probiotics on mental health via epigenetic modifications.
摘要：
营养和代谢修饰表观遗传特征，如组蛋白乙酰化和DNA甲基化。中枢神经系统（CNS）中的组蛋白乙酰化和DNA甲基化可以通过肠脑轴通过生物活性营养素和肠道微生物组改变，进而调节神经元的活动和行为。值得注意的是,肠道微生物组，有1000多种细菌，总共包含近300万个功能基因，其产物以动态方式与数百万个人类表观遗传标记和30,000个基因相互作用。然而,遗传构成塑造肠道微生物组组成，食物/营养代谢，和表观遗传景观，也是。这里,我们首先讨论了微生物结构和组成的变化对大脑中特定表观遗传改变的影响，以及它们在主要精神障碍的发生和发展中的作用。之后,产妇饮食/环境因素之间的潜在相互作用，营养,和胃肠道微生物组，以及它们在通过表观遗传变化加速或延迟严重精神疾病发作中的作用将被讨论。我们还概述了肠道微生物组之间的关联，氧化应激，和炎症通过表观遗传机制。最后,我们提出了通过表观遗传修饰介导肠道微生物组和益生菌对心理健康影响的一些潜在机制。
