PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Pain is the most common complaint reported by children who access the emergency departments, but despite its frequency and the availability of many international guidelines, it often remains underreported and undertreated. Recently, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Pain Society have reiterated the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in order to eliminate pain in children. In all pediatric settings, an adequate assessment is the initial stage in a proper clinical approach to pain, especially in the emergency departments; therefore, an increasing number of age-related tools have been validated. A wide range of analgesic agents are currently available for pain management, and they should be tailored according to the patient\'s age, the drug\'s pharmacokinetics and the intensity of pain. In order to facilitate the choice of the appropriate drug, a treatment algorithm based on a ladder approach can be used. Moreover, non-pharmacological techniques should be considered to alleviate anxiety and distress in pediatric age. This review aims to offer a simple but intuitive description of the best strategies for pain relief in children, starting with the prompt recognition and quantification of pain through adequate assessment scales, and following with the identification of the most appropriate therapeutic choice among the ones available for pediatric age.
摘要：
疼痛是进入急诊室的儿童报告的最常见投诉，但是尽管它的频率和许多国际准则的可用性，它经常被低估和对待。最近,美国儿科学会和美国疼痛协会重申了多学科方法对消除儿童疼痛的重要性。在所有儿科环境中，适当的评估是疼痛临床治疗方法的初始阶段，特别是在急诊室；因此，越来越多的与年龄相关的工具已经得到验证。目前广泛的镇痛剂可用于疼痛管理，它们应该根据病人的年龄来定制，药物的药代动力学和疼痛的强度。为了便于选择合适的药物，可以使用基于梯式方法的治疗算法。此外，非药物治疗技术应被考虑用于减轻儿童年龄的焦虑和痛苦.这篇综述旨在提供一个简单而直观的描述儿童疼痛缓解的最佳策略。从通过适当的评估量表迅速识别和量化疼痛开始，并随后确定了最适合儿科年龄的治疗选择。
