PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study examined the anomalous variations of the ventral process of C6 in modern E. ferus caballus. The aim was to provide an incremental grading protocol measuring the absence of the caudal ventral tubercle (CVT) in this ventral process. The findings revealed the most prevalent absent CVT (aCVT) was left unilateral (n = 35), with bilateral (n = 29) and right unilateral (n = 12). Grading was determined in equal increments of absence 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, with 4/4 representing a complete aCVT in 56/76, with a significance of p = 0.0013. This also applied to bilateral specimens. In those C6 osseous specimens displaying a 4/4 grade aCVT, 41/56 had a partial absence of the caudal aspect of the cranial ventral tubercle (CrVT). Here, grading absent CrVTs (aCrVT) followed similarly to aCVTs, though 4/4 was not observed. The significance between 4/4 grade aCVTs and the presentation of an aCrVT was left p = 0.00001 and right p = 0.00018. In bilateral specimens, C6 morphologically resembled C5, implying a homeotic transformation that limited the attachment sites for the cranial and thoracal longus colli muscle. This potentially diminishes function and caudal cervical stability. Therefore, it is recommended that further studies examine the morphological extent of this equine complex vertebral malformation (ECVM) as well as its interrelationships and genetic code/blueprint.
摘要：
这项研究检查了现代E.feruscaballus中C6腹侧过程的异常变化。目的是提供一种增量分级方案，以测量该腹侧过程中是否存在尾腹侧结节（CVT）。研究结果表明，最普遍的无CVT(aCVT)是单边的(n=35)，双侧（n=29）和右单侧（n=12）。以不存在1/4、2/4、3/4的相等增量确定分级,其中4/4代表56/76中的完全aCVT,显著性为p=0.0013。这也适用于双侧标本。在那些显示4/4级aCVT的C6骨标本中，41/56的颅腹结节（CrVT）的尾部部分缺失。这里,无CrVT(aCrVT)的分级与aCVT类似，4/4没有被观察到。4/4级aCVT和aCrVT的表现之间的显著性为左p=0.00001和右p=0.00018。在双侧标本中，C6在形态上类似于C5，这意味着同源转化限制了颅骨和胸骨长颈肌的附着部位。这可能会降低功能和尾部宫颈稳定性。因此,建议进一步研究这种马复杂椎体畸形(ECVM)的形态范围及其相互关系和遗传密码/蓝图.
