Abstract：
Accessing a joint with a needle (arthrocentesis) to extract synovial fluid is a skill intrinsic to the rheumatologist\'s praxis. Joint aspirations are essential for diagnosing or excluding septic joints, are the gold standard for diagnosing acute crystal arthritis, and can provide valuable information about the nature of other forms of arthritis. In appropriate settings, injecting medications into joints can provide rapid, temporary, or even prolonged relief of pain and swelling and can provide a window of relief until other treatment modalities (anti-inflammatories, immunomodulators, and physical therapy) can enforce durable responses. Soft tissue aspirations (e.g., of bursae) and soft tissue injections (of bursae, tendons, trigger points, and areas of nerve compression) can provide similar relief, earning the practitioner the gratitude of the patient. Here, we provide a primary on joint and soft tissue aspiration and injection, including indications for and against procedures, preparing for procedures, and approaches to specific musculoskeletal structures.
摘要：
用针头（关节穿刺术）进入关节以提取滑液是风湿病学家实践固有的技能。关节期望对于诊断或排除化脓性关节至关重要，是诊断急性晶体关节炎的黄金标准，并且可以提供有关其他形式关节炎性质的有价值的信息。在适当的设置中，注射药物到关节可以提供快速，temporary,甚至长时间缓解疼痛和肿胀，并且可以提供缓解的窗口，直到其他治疗方式（抗炎药，免疫调节剂,和物理治疗)可以强制执行持久的反应。软组织抽吸(例如，滑囊）和软组织注射（滑囊，肌腱,触发点,和神经压迫区域）可以提供类似的缓解，为医生赢得病人的感激。这里,我们提供了一个主要的关节和软组织的抽吸和注射，包括支持和反对程序的迹象，准备程序，以及特定肌肉骨骼结构的方法。
