Abstract：
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease whose global incidence increases annually. The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is a crucial aspect of asthma research with respect to different endotypes of asthma. Based on its pathological and inflammatory features, asthma is divided into type 2 high and type 2 low endotypes. Type-2 high asthma is distinguished by the activation of type 2 immune cells, including T helper 2 (Th2) cells and ILC2s; the production of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13; eosinophilic aggregation; and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Type-2 low asthma represents a variety of endotypes other than type 2 high endotype such as the IL-1β/ILC3/neutrophil endotype and a paucigranulocytic asthma, which may be insensitive to corticosteroid treatment and/or associated with obesity. The complexity of asthma is due to the involvement of multiple cell types, including tissue-resident ILCs and other innate immune cells including bronchial epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and eosinophils, which provide immediate defence against viruses, pathogens and allergens. On this basis, innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells combine to induce the pathological condition of asthma. In addition, the plasticity of ILCs increases the heterogeneity of asthma. This review focuses on the phenotypes of tissue-resident ILCs and their roles in the different endotypes of asthma, as well as the mechanisms of tissue-resident ILCs and other immune cells. Based on the phenotypes, roles and mechanisms of immune cells, the therapeutic strategies for asthma are reviewed.
摘要：
哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病，其全球发病率逐年增加。先天淋巴细胞（ILC）的作用是哮喘研究中关于不同的哮喘内生型的一个重要方面。根据其病理和炎症特征，哮喘分为高2型和低2型。2型高度哮喘的特点是激活2型免疫细胞，包括辅助性T细胞2（Th2）细胞和ILC2s；细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-4，IL-5和IL-13的产生；嗜酸性粒细胞聚集；和支气管高反应性。2型低哮喘代表除2型高内异型外的多种内异型，例如IL-1β/ILC3/中性粒细胞内异型和少粒粒细胞哮喘，可能对皮质类固醇治疗不敏感和/或与肥胖相关。哮喘的复杂性是由于多种细胞类型的参与，包括组织驻留的ILC和其他先天免疫细胞，包括支气管上皮细胞，树突状细胞,巨噬细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞，提供对病毒的即时防御，病原体和过敏原。在此基础上,先天免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞联合诱导哮喘的病理状态。此外,ILC的可塑性增加了哮喘的异质性。本文就组织内ILC的表型及其在哮喘不同内型中的作用作一综述。以及组织驻留的ILC和其他免疫细胞的机制。根据表型，免疫细胞的作用和机制，综述了哮喘的治疗策略.
