PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease is one of the most common causes of lameness in dogs. The extracapsular stabilization (ECS) utilizing bone anchors and monofilament nylon leader was an alternative treatment for CCL-deficient (CCLD) dogs. However, the biomechanical response of the canine stifle to such a surgical repair strategy in conjunction with the use of recently reported quasi-isometric anchoring points remains unclear. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the mobility and stability of CCL-intact, CCLD, and CCLD stifles repaired with ECS at two different pairs of quasi-isometric points (quasi-IPs).
METHODS: Twelve stifle specimens from 7 dogs underwent mobility and stability tests under 4 different conditions, namely, CCL-intact, CCLD, and ECS-repaired at 2 different pairs of quasi-IPs (referred to as ECS-IP1 and ECS-IP2). The mobility tests evaluated 6 degrees-of-freedom stifle kinematics during flexion and extension. The stability tests involved cranial drawer and tibial internal rotation (IR) tests at various stifle opening angles and quantifying the cranial tibial translation (CTT) and tibial IR angles under constantly applied loadings.
RESULTS: The ECS repaired at quasi-IPs was shown to restore cranial instability of the stifles with averaged CTT magnitudes < 1.4 mm. During the tibial IR test, the ECS treatments resulted in significantly less tibial IR compared to those in intact CCL stifles. The mobility tests showed similar results.
CONCLUSIONS: The 2 chosen pairs of quasi-IPs were shown to effectively correct the excessive CTT caused by CCLD stifles, whereas the excessive tibial external rotation in comparison to those of intact stifles should be considered for its subsequent influence on joint alignment and the contact pressure applied to the stifle joint.
METHODS: Twelve stifle specimens from 7 dogs underwent mobility and stability tests under 4 different conditions, namely, CCL-intact, CCLD, and ECS-repaired at 2 different pairs of quasi-IPs (referred to as ECS-IP1 and ECS-IP2). The mobility tests evaluated 6 degrees-of-freedom stifle kinematics during flexion and extension. The stability tests involved cranial drawer and tibial internal rotation (IR) tests at various stifle opening angles and quantifying the cranial tibial translation (CTT) and tibial IR angles under constantly applied loadings.
RESULTS: The ECS repaired at quasi-IPs was shown to restore cranial instability of the stifles with averaged CTT magnitudes < 1.4 mm. During the tibial IR test, the ECS treatments resulted in significantly less tibial IR compared to those in intact CCL stifles. The mobility tests showed similar results.
CONCLUSIONS: The 2 chosen pairs of quasi-IPs were shown to effectively correct the excessive CTT caused by CCLD stifles, whereas the excessive tibial external rotation in comparison to those of intact stifles should be considered for its subsequent influence on joint alignment and the contact pressure applied to the stifle joint.
摘要：
背景：颅骨交叉韧带（CCL）疾病是狗跛行的最常见原因之一。利用骨锚和单丝尼龙前导剂的囊外稳定（ECS）是CCL缺陷（CCLD）狗的替代治疗方法。然而,犬科动物对这种手术修复策略以及使用最近报道的准等距锚定点的生物力学反应仍不清楚.该研究的目的是评估CCL完整的流动性和稳定性，CCLD,CCLD在两对不同的准等距点（准IP）处用ECS修复。
方法：来自7只狗的12个窒息标本在4种不同条件下进行了流动性和稳定性测试，即,CCL-完好无损,CCLD,并在2对不同的准IP（称为ECS-IP1和ECS-IP2）上进行ECS修复。移动性测试评估了屈曲和伸展过程中的6个自由度窒息运动学。稳定性测试包括在各种钳位张开角度下的颅骨抽屉和胫骨内部旋转（IR）测试，并在不断施加的载荷下量化颅骨胫骨平移（CTT）和胫骨IR角度。
结果：在准IP处修复的ECS显示可以恢复窒息的颅骨不稳定，平均CTT幅度<1.4mm。在胫骨IR测试期间,与完整的CCL窒息相比，ECS治疗导致胫骨IR明显减少。流动性测试显示类似的结果。
结论：所选择的2对准IP被证明可以有效地纠正由CCLD窒息引起的过度CTT，然而，与完整的钳口相比，过度的胫骨外部旋转应考虑其对关节对齐和施加到钳口关节的接触压力的后续影响。
方法：来自7只狗的12个窒息标本在4种不同条件下进行了流动性和稳定性测试，即,CCL-完好无损,CCLD,并在2对不同的准IP（称为ECS-IP1和ECS-IP2）上进行ECS修复。移动性测试评估了屈曲和伸展过程中的6个自由度窒息运动学。稳定性测试包括在各种钳位张开角度下的颅骨抽屉和胫骨内部旋转（IR）测试，并在不断施加的载荷下量化颅骨胫骨平移（CTT）和胫骨IR角度。
结果：在准IP处修复的ECS显示可以恢复窒息的颅骨不稳定，平均CTT幅度<1.4mm。在胫骨IR测试期间,与完整的CCL窒息相比，ECS治疗导致胫骨IR明显减少。流动性测试显示类似的结果。
结论：所选择的2对准IP被证明可以有效地纠正由CCLD窒息引起的过度CTT，然而，与完整的钳口相比，过度的胫骨外部旋转应考虑其对关节对齐和施加到钳口关节的接触压力的后续影响。
