PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Smallholder rice farming in Tanzania is an important economic activity that has the potential to livelihood improvement of smallholder farmers, yet their profitability remains low due to several challenges they face. This study analyzed costs and benefits associated with smallholder rice farming, determined profit distribution among farmers and assessed risk bearing ability of smallholder rice farmers under changing circumstances of total variable costs, price and yields. The study was conducted in Mvomero and Mbarali districts and adopted a cross-sectional research design, the sample size was 382 smallholder rice farmers selected from three Agricultural Marketing Co-operative Societies during 2021 cropping season. Data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey and key informant interviews. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and excel whereby Enterprise Budgetary Technique and Sensitivity Analysis were performed. The study found an average Return on Investment of 0.42, Benefit Cost Ratio of 1.42 and Profit Margin of 24%. The level of profitability differed among co-operatives where \'Umoja wa Wakulima Dakawa\' (UWAWAKUDA) had the highest return per acre (524 417 TZS) followed by Kapunga (414 111 TZS) and Madibira (316 638 TZS). Furthermore, smallholder rice farmers\' Gross Margins were significantly affected by changes in Total Variable Costs, output price and yield per acre. The study concludes that rice production is a profitable business in the study area. Therefore, the local government, co-operatives and other stakeholders should improve drivers that lead to increased profitability such as the water infrastructures, organize markets and build farmers\' capacities to improve yields and profitability among smallholder rice farmers.
摘要：
坦桑尼亚的小农水稻种植是一项重要的经济活动，有可能改善小农的生计，然而，由于他们面临的一些挑战，他们的盈利能力仍然很低。这项研究分析了与小农水稻种植相关的成本和收益，在总变动成本变化的情况下，确定农户间的利润分配，评估小农水稻农户的风险承受能力，价格和产量。这项研究是在Mvomero和Mbarali地区进行的，并采用了横断面研究设计，样本量为在2021年种植季节从三个农业营销合作社中选择的382个小农稻农。数据是通过问卷调查和关键线人访谈收集的。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）和Excel对数据进行了分析，从而进行了企业预算技术和敏感性分析。研究发现，平均投资回报率为0.42，效益成本比为1.42，利润率为24%。合作社的盈利水平有所不同，“UmojawaWakulimaDakawa”（UWAWAKUDA）每英亩回报率最高（524.417TZS），其次是Kapunga（414.111TZS）和Madibira（316.638TZS）。此外，小农稻农的毛利率受到总可变成本变化的显著影响，产量价格和每英亩产量。研究得出的结论是，水稻生产在研究领域是一项有利可图的业务。因此,当地政府,合作社和其他利益相关者应改善驱动因素，以提高盈利能力，例如水基础设施，组织市场和建设农民的能力，以提高小农稻农的产量和盈利能力。
