PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Dementia is a growing public health concern, with an estimated prevalence of 57 million adults worldwide. Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) accounts for 60-80% of the cases. Clinical trials testing potential drugs and neuroprotective agents have proven futile, and currently approved drugs only provide symptomatic benefits. Emerging epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that lifestyle changes, including diet and physical activity, offer an alternative therapeutic route for slowing and preventing cognitive decline and dementia. Age is the single most common risk factor for dementia, and it is associated with slowing cellular bioenergetics and metabolic processes. Therefore, a nutrient-rich diet is critical for optimal brain health. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for AD, and diets that reduce the risk of T2D may confer neuroprotection. Foods predominant in Mediterranean, MIND, and DASH diets, including fruits, leafy green vegetables, fish, nuts, and olive oil, may prevent or slow cognitive decline. The mechanisms by which these nutrients promote brain health, however, are not yet completely understood. Other dietary approaches and eating regimes, including ketogenic and intermittent fasting, are also emerging as beneficial for brain health. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, associated risk factors, and the potential neuroprotective pathways activated by several diets and eating regimes that have shown promising results in promoting brain health and preventing dementia.
摘要：
痴呆症是一个日益增长的公共卫生问题，估计全世界有5700万成年人。阿尔茨海默病（AD）占病例的60-80％。测试潜在药物和神经保护剂的临床试验被证明是徒劳的，目前批准的药物仅提供对症的益处。新兴的流行病学和临床研究表明，生活方式的改变，包括饮食和体力活动，为减缓和预防认知衰退和痴呆提供另一种治疗途径。年龄是痴呆症最常见的危险因素，它与减缓细胞生物能学和代谢过程有关。因此,营养丰富的饮食对于最佳的大脑健康至关重要。此外，2型糖尿病（T2D）是AD的危险因素，降低T2D风险的饮食可能赋予神经保护。地中海的主要食物，心灵，和DASH饮食，包括水果,绿叶蔬菜，鱼,坚果,橄榄油,可以预防或减缓认知能力下降。这些营养素促进大脑健康的机制，然而,尚未完全理解。其他饮食方法和饮食制度，包括生酮和间歇性禁食，对大脑健康也有益。这篇综述总结了病理生理学，相关危险因素，以及几种饮食和饮食方式激活的潜在神经保护途径，这些途径在促进大脑健康和预防痴呆症方面显示出有希望的结果。
