PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Biomedical implants have recently shown excellent application potential in tissue repair and replacement. Applying three-dimensional (3D) printing to implant scaffold fabrication can help to address individual needs more precisely. Fourdimensional (4D) printing emerges rapidly based on the development of shape-responsive materials and design methods, which makes the production of dynamic functional implants possible. Smart implants can be pre-designed to respond to endogenous or exogenous stimuli and perform seamless integration with regular/ irregular tissue defects, defect-luminal organs, or curved structures via programmed shape morphing. At the same time, they offer great advantages in minimally invasive surgery due to the small-to-large volume transition. In addition, 4D-printed cellular scaffolds can generate extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic structures that interact with the contacting cells, expanding the possible sources of tissue/organ grafts and substitutes. This review summarizes the typical technologies and materials of 4D-printed scaffolds, and the programming designs and applications of these scaffolds are further highlighted. Finally, we propose the prospects and outlook of 4D-printed shape-morphing implants.
摘要：
生物医学植入物最近在组织修复和替换方面显示出优异的应用潜力。将三维（3D）打印应用于植入物支架制造可以帮助更精确地满足个人需求。基于形状响应材料和设计方法的发展，四维（4D）打印迅速出现，这使得动态功能植入物的生产成为可能。智能植入物可以预先设计为响应内源性或外源性刺激，并与规则/不规则组织缺损进行无缝整合。管腔缺陷器官，或通过编程的形状变形弯曲的结构。同时,由于小到大体积的过渡，它们在微创手术中提供了巨大的优势。此外,4D打印的细胞支架可以产生与接触细胞相互作用的细胞外基质（ECM）模拟结构，扩大组织/器官移植物和替代品的可能来源。本文总结了4D打印支架的典型技术和材料，并进一步强调了这些支架的程序设计和应用。最后,我们提出了4D打印形状变形植入物的前景和展望。
