Abstract：
Our result showed that short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) might increase the risk of hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures. It was suggested that government should formulate emission reduction policies to protect the health of citizens.
As the main source of urban air pollution in China, exhaust emissions of motor vehicles have been linked to adverse health outcomes, but evidence of the relationship between short-term exposure to TRAPs and osteoporotic fractures is still relatively rare.
In this study, a total of 5044 inpatients from an inland city (Jinan) and a coastal city (Qingdao), two cities with developed transportation in Shandong Province, were included. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate the association between TRAPs and hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures. The stratified analyses were performed by gender and age.
Positive associations between TRAPs and osteoporotic fracture hospitalizations were observed. We found that short-term exposure to TRAPs was associated with increased numbers of hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures. PM2.5 and PM10 were statistically significant associated with hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures at both single-day and multiday lag structures only in Qingdao, with the strongest associations at lag06 and lag07 [RR=1.0446(95%CI: 1.0018,1.0891) for PM2.5, RR=1.0328(95%CI: 1.0084,1.0578) for PM10]. For NO2 and CO, we found significant associations at lag4 in the single lag structure in Jinan [RR=1.0354 (95%CI: 1.0071, 1.0646) for NO2, RR=1.0014 (95%CI: 1.0002, 1.0025) for CO], while only CO at lag4 was significantly associated with hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures in Qingdao [1.0038 (1.0012, 1.0063)]. Stratified analyses indicated that the associations were stronger in females and older individuals (65 + years).
This study implied that short-term exposure to TRAPs pollution was associated with an increased risk of hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures. Female patients and patients aged 65 + years appeared to be more vulnerable to TRAPs, suggesting that poor air quality is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporotic fractures.
As the main source of urban air pollution in China, exhaust emissions of motor vehicles have been linked to adverse health outcomes, but evidence of the relationship between short-term exposure to TRAPs and osteoporotic fractures is still relatively rare.
In this study, a total of 5044 inpatients from an inland city (Jinan) and a coastal city (Qingdao), two cities with developed transportation in Shandong Province, were included. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate the association between TRAPs and hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures. The stratified analyses were performed by gender and age.
Positive associations between TRAPs and osteoporotic fracture hospitalizations were observed. We found that short-term exposure to TRAPs was associated with increased numbers of hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures. PM2.5 and PM10 were statistically significant associated with hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures at both single-day and multiday lag structures only in Qingdao, with the strongest associations at lag06 and lag07 [RR=1.0446(95%CI: 1.0018,1.0891) for PM2.5, RR=1.0328(95%CI: 1.0084,1.0578) for PM10]. For NO2 and CO, we found significant associations at lag4 in the single lag structure in Jinan [RR=1.0354 (95%CI: 1.0071, 1.0646) for NO2, RR=1.0014 (95%CI: 1.0002, 1.0025) for CO], while only CO at lag4 was significantly associated with hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures in Qingdao [1.0038 (1.0012, 1.0063)]. Stratified analyses indicated that the associations were stronger in females and older individuals (65 + years).
This study implied that short-term exposure to TRAPs pollution was associated with an increased risk of hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures. Female patients and patients aged 65 + years appeared to be more vulnerable to TRAPs, suggesting that poor air quality is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporotic fractures.
摘要：
我们的结果表明，短期暴露于交通相关的空气污染物（TRAP）可能会增加骨质疏松性骨折住院的风险。有人建议政府制定减排政策以保护公民的健康。
背景：作为中国城市空气污染的主要来源，机动车的废气排放与不良健康结果有关，但短期暴露于TRAPs与骨质疏松性骨折之间关系的证据仍然相对较少.
方法：在本研究中，来自内陆城市（济南）和沿海城市（青岛）的5044名住院患者，山东省交通发达的两个城市，包括在内。使用广义加性模型（GAM）来研究TRAP与骨质疏松性骨折住院之间的关系。按性别和年龄进行分层分析。
结果：观察到TRAPs与骨质疏松性骨折住院率呈正相关。我们发现短期暴露于TRAP与骨质疏松性骨折住院人数增加相关。仅在青岛，在单日和多日滞后结构中，PM2.5和PM10与骨质疏松性骨折住院率具有统计学意义。与lag06和lag07的相关性最强[PM2.5的RR=1.0446(95CI:1.0018,1.0891)，PM10的RR=1.0328(95CI:1.0084,1.0578)]。对于NO2和CO，我们在济南的单滞后结构中发现了lag4的显着关联[NO2的RR=1.0354（95CI：1.0071，1.0646），CO的RR=1.0014（95CI：1.0002，1.0025）]，而在青岛地区，只有4时的CO与骨质疏松性骨折的住院率显著相关[1.0038（1.0012，1.0063）]。分层分析表明，女性和老年人（65岁以上）的关联更强。
结论：本研究提示短期暴露于TRAPs污染与骨质疏松性骨折住院风险增加相关。女性患者和65岁以上的患者似乎更容易受到TRAP的影响，这表明空气质量差是骨质疏松性骨折的一个可改变的危险因素。
背景：作为中国城市空气污染的主要来源，机动车的废气排放与不良健康结果有关，但短期暴露于TRAPs与骨质疏松性骨折之间关系的证据仍然相对较少.
方法：在本研究中，来自内陆城市（济南）和沿海城市（青岛）的5044名住院患者，山东省交通发达的两个城市，包括在内。使用广义加性模型（GAM）来研究TRAP与骨质疏松性骨折住院之间的关系。按性别和年龄进行分层分析。
结果：观察到TRAPs与骨质疏松性骨折住院率呈正相关。我们发现短期暴露于TRAP与骨质疏松性骨折住院人数增加相关。仅在青岛，在单日和多日滞后结构中，PM2.5和PM10与骨质疏松性骨折住院率具有统计学意义。与lag06和lag07的相关性最强[PM2.5的RR=1.0446(95CI:1.0018,1.0891)，PM10的RR=1.0328(95CI:1.0084,1.0578)]。对于NO2和CO，我们在济南的单滞后结构中发现了lag4的显着关联[NO2的RR=1.0354（95CI：1.0071，1.0646），CO的RR=1.0014（95CI：1.0002，1.0025）]，而在青岛地区，只有4时的CO与骨质疏松性骨折的住院率显著相关[1.0038（1.0012，1.0063）]。分层分析表明，女性和老年人（65岁以上）的关联更强。
结论：本研究提示短期暴露于TRAPs污染与骨质疏松性骨折住院风险增加相关。女性患者和65岁以上的患者似乎更容易受到TRAP的影响，这表明空气质量差是骨质疏松性骨折的一个可改变的危险因素。
