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Abstract：
There are several reasons for the development of nanopolymer compounds, such as improving physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, increasing lifespan, reducing costs, and decreasing negative environmental impact. The compatibility of two rubbers and mineral nanofillers in nanocomposites is a challenge that needs to be studied, and the effect of nanofillers on morphological, physical, and mechanical properties should be investigated accordingly. In this study, calcium carbonate nanoparticles were added to a polymer compound that included natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), vulcanization accelerators, and other additives. For mixing nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, various methods were used, including the solvent method in toluene and W410 solvents and the surface modification of calcium carbonate nanoparticles with stearic acid. The effect of dispersion nanoparticles in nanocomposite specimens on morphology, curing characteristics, and mechanical properties was studied. The morphologies of specimens were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The particle size of the nanocomposite was approximately 34 nm, and the interlayer spacing between crystal plates increased from 2.81 nm to 3.03 nm. These results indicate a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, specifically with an optimum content of 3.52%, in the compounds prepared through all mixing methods, with no agglomeration observed in the nanocomposites. The results of the nanocomposites\' curing characterization demonstrate that with the addition of nanoparticles, a strong bond is created in the polymer chains, and curing properties are improved. Among the dispersion methods, the highest percentage improvement in curing properties is observed with the solvent method W410. To evaluate the effect of the addition of calcium carbonate nanoparticles and the dispersion method on improving mechanical properties, tensile, tear, hardness, and rebound resilience tests were performed. In tensile tests, the surface modification method showed the highest enhancement in ultimate stress (80%), followed by the W410 method (64%) and toluene method (63.7%). Tear strength improvements were highest in the W410-solvent sample (80%), followed by the surface modification method (57%) and the solvent-toluene method (50%). The W410 method resulted in the hardest samples, while the surface-modified samples had the lowest hardness. The addition of CaCO3 nanofillers reduced rebound resilience, with the W410 method experiencing the largest reduction (10.64%), followed by the toluene method (6.38%), and with the surface-modified samples showing the lowest reduction (4.25%). The results show that in the W410 solvent method, the nanocomposite is more elastic than for other methods. Additionally, for most of the mechanical properties, the W410 method results in the most growth in improvement.
摘要：
纳米聚合物化合物的发展有几个原因，比如改善身体，机械,和化学性质，延长寿命，降低成本,减少对环境的负面影响。纳米复合材料中两种橡胶和矿物纳米填料的相容性是一个需要研究的挑战，以及纳米填料对形态的影响，物理，和机械性能应进行相应的研究。在这项研究中,将碳酸钙纳米颗粒添加到包含天然橡胶（NR）的聚合物化合物中，丁苯橡胶(SBR),硫化促进剂,和其他添加剂。为了在聚合物基质中混合纳米颗粒，使用了各种方法，包括在甲苯和W410溶剂中的溶剂法和硬脂酸对纳米碳酸钙的表面改性。纳米复合材料样品中分散纳米颗粒对形貌的影响，固化特性，并对力学性能进行了研究。通过X射线衍射（XRD）分析和场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）确定了样品的形貌。纳米复合材料的粒径约为34nm，晶板之间的层间间距从2.81nm增加到3.03nm。这些结果表明纳米粒子的均匀分散，特别是最佳含量为3.52%，在通过所有混合方法制备的化合物中，在纳米复合材料中没有观察到团聚。纳米复合材料固化表征的结果表明，随着纳米颗粒的添加，在聚合物链中形成强键，和固化性能得到改善。在分散方法中，用溶剂方法W410观察到固化性能的最高百分比改善。为了评估碳酸钙纳米颗粒的添加和分散方法对改善机械性能的影响，拉伸,眼泪，硬度,并进行了回弹弹性试验。在拉伸试验中，表面改性方法表现出最高的极限应力增强(80%)，其次是W410法(64%)和甲苯法(63.7%)。撕裂强度改善在W410溶剂样品中最高(80%),其次是表面改性方法（57％）和溶剂-甲苯法（50％）。W410方法产生了最硬的样品，而表面改性样品的硬度最低。CaCO3纳米填料的加入降低了回弹性，W410方法的降幅最大(10.64%)，其次是甲苯法(6.38%)，并且表面改性的样品显示出最低的降低(4.25%)。结果表明,在W410溶剂法中,纳米复合材料比其他方法更有弹性。此外,对于大多数机械性能，W410方法在改进中产生最大的增长。
