Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To describe dogs with detected Ancylostoma caninum anthelmintic treatment resistance markers in Canada.
METHODS: 11 client-owned dogs with fecal quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay detected A caninum with benzimidazole (BZ) resistance genotypic markers.
METHODS: Signalment, presenting concern, duration of clinical signs, fecal testing, treatment, and outcomes were obtained. Where available, follow-up data were collected via telephone or email with the primary veterinarian.
RESULTS: Ancylostoma spp was detected from 184/32,205 dog fecal samples by reference laboratory qPCR surveillance, between May 15, 2022, and April 26, 2023. 11 of these 184 samples had A caninum with genetic BZ F167Y resistance marker detection. 4 dogs had not traveled outside Canada, 6 had been imported from the US, and the travel history was unclear in 1 dog. 7 of the dogs had gastro-intestinal signs (diarrhea or soft stool) on initial presentation. Clinical improvement was reported in 6 of these dogs (resolution of diarrhea and soft stool), with 1 dog lost to follow-up. All 11 dogs received anthelmintic treatment (varied drugs and duration).
CONCLUSIONS: Identification of genetic markers of BZ resistance raises concerns about the potential animal and human impacts of resistant hookworms. 4 dogs lacked an origin from or travel history to the US, indicating true emergence and/or novel spread within Canada, not just importation from an area where resistance has been reported. Fecal surveillance was performed with a qPCR test incorporating treatment (BZ) resistance markers. There is a need to raise clinician awareness around treatment-resistant hookworm in dogs and the capability of fecal surveillance for genotypic and phenotypic resistance.
METHODS: 11 client-owned dogs with fecal quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay detected A caninum with benzimidazole (BZ) resistance genotypic markers.
METHODS: Signalment, presenting concern, duration of clinical signs, fecal testing, treatment, and outcomes were obtained. Where available, follow-up data were collected via telephone or email with the primary veterinarian.
RESULTS: Ancylostoma spp was detected from 184/32,205 dog fecal samples by reference laboratory qPCR surveillance, between May 15, 2022, and April 26, 2023. 11 of these 184 samples had A caninum with genetic BZ F167Y resistance marker detection. 4 dogs had not traveled outside Canada, 6 had been imported from the US, and the travel history was unclear in 1 dog. 7 of the dogs had gastro-intestinal signs (diarrhea or soft stool) on initial presentation. Clinical improvement was reported in 6 of these dogs (resolution of diarrhea and soft stool), with 1 dog lost to follow-up. All 11 dogs received anthelmintic treatment (varied drugs and duration).
CONCLUSIONS: Identification of genetic markers of BZ resistance raises concerns about the potential animal and human impacts of resistant hookworms. 4 dogs lacked an origin from or travel history to the US, indicating true emergence and/or novel spread within Canada, not just importation from an area where resistance has been reported. Fecal surveillance was performed with a qPCR test incorporating treatment (BZ) resistance markers. There is a need to raise clinician awareness around treatment-resistant hookworm in dogs and the capability of fecal surveillance for genotypic and phenotypic resistance.
摘要：
目的：描述在加拿大检测到的Ancylostomacaninum驱虫治疗抗性标志物的狗。
方法：11家犬用粪便定量PCR（qPCR）法检测具有苯并咪唑（BZ）抗性基因型标记的犬。
方法：信号，提出关注，临床体征的持续时间，粪便测试,治疗,并获得了结果。如有,随访数据通过与初级兽医的电话或电子邮件收集.
结果：通过参考实验室qPCR监测，从184/32,205家犬粪便样本中检测到Ancylostomaspp，2022年5月15日至2023年4月26日。这184个样品中有11个具有遗传BZF167Y抗性标记检测的A犬。4只狗没有在加拿大境外旅行，6是从美国进口的，1只狗的旅行史不清楚。7只狗在最初表现时具有胃肠体征(腹泻或软便)。据报道，其中6只狗的临床改善（腹泻和软便的消退），一只狗失去了后续。所有11只狗均接受驱虫治疗（各种药物和持续时间）。
结论：BZ抗性遗传标记的鉴定引起了人们对抗性钩虫潜在的动物和人类影响的担忧。4只狗缺乏来自美国或前往美国的历史，表明加拿大境内的真实出现和/或新颖传播，不只是从报告有抗药性的地区进口。用结合治疗(BZ)抗性标记的qPCR测试进行粪便监测。有必要提高临床医生对狗的治疗抗性钩虫以及粪便监测基因型和表型抗性的能力的认识。
方法：11家犬用粪便定量PCR（qPCR）法检测具有苯并咪唑（BZ）抗性基因型标记的犬。
方法：信号，提出关注，临床体征的持续时间，粪便测试,治疗,并获得了结果。如有,随访数据通过与初级兽医的电话或电子邮件收集.
结果：通过参考实验室qPCR监测，从184/32,205家犬粪便样本中检测到Ancylostomaspp，2022年5月15日至2023年4月26日。这184个样品中有11个具有遗传BZF167Y抗性标记检测的A犬。4只狗没有在加拿大境外旅行，6是从美国进口的，1只狗的旅行史不清楚。7只狗在最初表现时具有胃肠体征(腹泻或软便)。据报道，其中6只狗的临床改善（腹泻和软便的消退），一只狗失去了后续。所有11只狗均接受驱虫治疗（各种药物和持续时间）。
结论：BZ抗性遗传标记的鉴定引起了人们对抗性钩虫潜在的动物和人类影响的担忧。4只狗缺乏来自美国或前往美国的历史，表明加拿大境内的真实出现和/或新颖传播，不只是从报告有抗药性的地区进口。用结合治疗(BZ)抗性标记的qPCR测试进行粪便监测。有必要提高临床医生对狗的治疗抗性钩虫以及粪便监测基因型和表型抗性的能力的认识。
