Abstract：
The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues and maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is critical for retinal function. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a cofactor that is required for key processes, including the electron transport chain, glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and redox reactions. NAD+ also acts as a co-substrate for enzymes involved in maintaining genomic DNA integrity and cellular homeostasis, including poly-ADP ribose polymerases (PARPs) and Sirtuins. This review highlights the importance of NAD+ in the retina, including the role of enzymes involved in NAD+ production in the retina and how NAD+-consuming enzymes may play a role in disease pathology. We also suggest a cell death pathway that may be common in multiple models of photoreceptor degeneration and highlight the role that NAD+ likely plays in this process. Finally, we explore future experimental approaches to enhance our understanding of the role of NAD+ in the retina.
摘要：
视网膜是代谢最活跃的组织之一,维持代谢稳态对于视网膜功能至关重要。烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD+）是关键过程所需的辅因子，包括电子传输链，糖酵解,脂肪酸氧化，和氧化还原反应。NAD+还作为参与维持基因组DNA完整性和细胞稳态的酶的共底物。包括聚ADP核糖聚合酶(PARP)和Sirtuins。这篇综述强调了NAD+在视网膜中的重要性，包括参与视网膜NAD+产生的酶的作用，以及NAD+消耗酶如何在疾病病理中发挥作用。我们还提出了一种可能在多个感光体变性模型中常见的细胞死亡途径，并强调了NAD+可能在该过程中的作用。最后,我们探索未来的实验方法，以增强我们对NAD+在视网膜中的作用的理解。
