Abstract：
Borna disease is a progressive meningoencephalitis caused by spillover of the Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) to horses and sheep and has gained attention due to its zoonotic potential. New World camelids are also highly susceptible to the disease; however, a comprehensive description of the pathological lesions and viral distribution is lacking for these hosts. Here, the authors describe the distribution and severity of inflammatory lesions in alpacas (n = 6) naturally affected by this disease in comparison to horses (n = 8) as known spillover hosts. In addition, the tissue and cellular distribution of the BoDV-1 was determined via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. A predominant lymphocytic meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in all animals with differences regarding the severity of lesions. Alpacas and horses with a shorter disease duration showed more prominent lesions in the cerebrum and at the transition of the nervous to the glandular part of the pituitary gland, as compared to animals with longer disease progression. In both species, viral antigen was almost exclusively restricted to cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems, with the notable exception of virus-infected glandular cells of the Pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. Alpacas likely represent dead-end hosts similar to horses and other spillover hosts of BoDV-1.
摘要：
博尔纳病是由博尔纳病病毒1（BoDV-1）溢出到马和绵羊引起的进行性脑膜脑炎，由于其人畜共患潜力而受到关注。新世界骆驼科动物也很容易感染这种疾病；然而，这些宿主缺乏对病理病变和病毒分布的全面描述。这里,作者描述了与已知溢出宿主马（n=8）相比，自然受该疾病影响的羊驼（n=6）的炎性病变的分布和严重程度。此外,通过免疫组织化学和免疫荧光测定BoDV-1的组织和细胞分布。在所有动物中诊断出主要的淋巴细胞性脑膜脑炎，其病变严重程度存在差异。疾病持续时间较短的羊驼和马在大脑和神经向垂体腺体部分的过渡中显示出更突出的病变，与疾病进展更长的动物相比。在这两个物种中，病毒抗原几乎只限于中枢神经系统和周围神经系统的细胞，脑垂体的Pars中间区的病毒感染的腺细胞明显例外。羊驼可能代表类似于马和BoDV-1的其他溢出宿主的死胡同宿主。
