PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
With the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous countries imposed strict lockdown measures and travel bans, resulting in the closure of hotels. Over time, the opening of hotel units was gradually allowed, and new strict regulations and protocols were issued to ensure the hygiene and safety of swimming pools in the era of COVID-19. The present study aimed to evaluate the implementation of strict health COVID-19-related protocols in hotel units during the 2020 summer tourist season concerning microbiological hygiene and physicochemical parameters of water, and to compare the data with those from the 2019 tourist season. For this reason, 591 water samples from 62 swimming pools were analyzed, of which 381 samples were for the 2019 tourist season and 210 samples were for the 2020 tourist season. To examine the presence of Legionella spp, 132 additional samples were taken from 14 pools, of which 49 in 2019 and 83 in 2020. In 2019, 2.89% (11/381) of the samples were out of legislative limits (0/250 mg/l) regarding the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli), 9.45% (36/381) were out of acceptable limits (0/250 mg/l) regarding the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and 8.92% (34/381) had residual chlorine levels <0.4 mg/l. In 2020, 1.43% (3/210) of the samples were out of the legislative limits as regards the presence of E. coli, 7.14% (15/210) were out of acceptable limits regarding the presence of P. aeruginosa and 3.33% (7/210) of the samples measured residual chlorine levels <0.4 mg/l. The risk ratio (RR) in relation to the presence of E. coli due to incorrect compliance with the requirements for residual chlorine was calculated for 2019 at 8.50, while in 2020 it was calculated at 14.50 (P=0.008). The RR of the presence of P. aeruginosa due to inappropriate residual chlorine requirements was calculated in 2019 at 2.04 (P=0.0814), while in 2020 it was calculated at 2.07 (P=0.44). According to the microbiological hygiene and physicochemical parameters of the water samples studied, there was a significant improvement due to the strict protocols for the swimming pools in the summer season of 2020 compared to the tourist season of 2019, namely 72.72% (E. coli), 58.33% (P. aeruginosa), 79.41% (of residual chlorine <0.4 mg/l) in the three main parameters studied. Finally, an increased colonization by Legionella spp. detected in the internal networks of the hotels due to the non-operation of the hotels during the lockdown, the improper disinfection and stagnant water in the internal water supply networks. Specifically, in 2019, 95.92% (47/49) of the samples tested negative and 4.08% (2/49) tested positive (≥50 CFU/l) for Legionella spp., compared to 2020 where 91.57% (76/83) of the samples tested negative and 8.43% (7/83) tested positive.
摘要：
随着2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行的爆发，许多国家实施了严格的封锁措施和旅行禁令，导致酒店关闭。随着时间的推移,酒店单位的开业逐渐被允许，并发布了新的严格法规和协议，以确保COVID-19时代游泳池的卫生和安全。本研究旨在评估2020年夏季旅游旺季期间酒店单位严格的健康COVID-19相关协议的执行情况，涉及水的微生物卫生和物理化学参数，并将数据与2019年旅游旺季的数据进行比较。出于这个原因,分析了来自62个游泳池的591个水样，其中2019年旅游旺季样本381个，2020年旅游旺季样本210个。为了检查军团菌的存在，另外从14个池中抽取了132个样本，其中2019年为49家，2020年为83家。2019年，2.89%(11/381)的样品超出了关于大肠杆菌存在的立法限制(0/250mg/l)(E.大肠杆菌)，关于铜绿假单胞菌的存在，9.45％（36/381）超出可接受的范围（0/250mg/l）（P。铜绿假单胞菌）和8.92％（34/381）的残留氯水平<0.4mg/l。2020年，1.43%(3/210)的样本超出了大肠杆菌存在的立法限制，关于铜绿假单胞菌的存在,7.14%(15/210)超出可接受的限度,并且3.33%(7/210)的样品测得的残余氯水平<0.4mg/l。由于不正确地遵守残留氯的要求，与大肠杆菌存在有关的风险比（RR）在2019年计算为8.50，而在2020年计算为14.50（P=0.008）。2019年因不适当的余氯需求而存在铜绿假单胞菌的RR计算为2.04（P=0.0814），而在2020年，它的计算方法为2.07（P=0.44）。根据所研究的水样的微生物卫生学和理化参数,与2019年的旅游季节相比，由于2020年夏季游泳池的严格协议，有了显着改善，即72.72％（E.大肠杆菌)，58.33%(P.铜绿假单胞菌)，在研究的三个主要参数中，79.41％（余氯<0.4mg/l）。最后,军团菌的定植增加。由于酒店在封锁期间未运营，在酒店的内部网络中检测到，内部供水管网中不适当的消毒和积水。具体来说,2019年，95.92%(47/49)的样本检测为阴性，4.08%(2/49)的样本检测为阳性(≥50CFU/l)。,与2020年相比，91.57%(76/83)的样本检测为阴性，8.43%(7/83)的样本检测为阳性。
