Abstract：
A secular trend towards earlier age at menarche has been reported, but the trend in breast development is less clear. We reviewed the evidence on the relationship between in utero and early life events and breast onset/development.
Eligible studies were identified in PubMed and Embase databases. We selected studies in which female human exposure during fetal or the first years of life was measured or estimated, and associations with breast onset or development were evaluated.
Of the 49 cohort studies and 5 cross-sectional studies identified, 43 provided sufficient data to assess associations. High maternal weight, primiparity, and early weight gain, were related to an increased risk of early breast onset/development in most of the studies that analysed these associations, whereas late breast onset/development was associated with preterm birth. Results were inconsistent for smoking in pregnancy, maternal hypertensive disorders, breastfeeding, diabetes, and small for gestational age. No association emerged for maternal age at delivery, alcohol drinking, and selected drug use during pregnancy, and low birth weight.
The results of this review show that high maternal weight, primiparity and early weight gain were associated with an increased risk of early breast onset/development. Late breast onset/development was associated with preterm birth. Breast development is a key physical marker of puberty onset, and early puberty development is linked to consequences that can reverberate throughout life. Answering the questions about the interconnections between pre/postnatal environmental exposures and their impact on puberty, represents an important area of multidisciplinary research.
Eligible studies were identified in PubMed and Embase databases. We selected studies in which female human exposure during fetal or the first years of life was measured or estimated, and associations with breast onset or development were evaluated.
Of the 49 cohort studies and 5 cross-sectional studies identified, 43 provided sufficient data to assess associations. High maternal weight, primiparity, and early weight gain, were related to an increased risk of early breast onset/development in most of the studies that analysed these associations, whereas late breast onset/development was associated with preterm birth. Results were inconsistent for smoking in pregnancy, maternal hypertensive disorders, breastfeeding, diabetes, and small for gestational age. No association emerged for maternal age at delivery, alcohol drinking, and selected drug use during pregnancy, and low birth weight.
The results of this review show that high maternal weight, primiparity and early weight gain were associated with an increased risk of early breast onset/development. Late breast onset/development was associated with preterm birth. Breast development is a key physical marker of puberty onset, and early puberty development is linked to consequences that can reverberate throughout life. Answering the questions about the interconnections between pre/postnatal environmental exposures and their impact on puberty, represents an important area of multidisciplinary research.
摘要：
据报道，初潮年龄较早的长期趋势，但是乳房发育的趋势不太清楚。我们回顾了子宫内和早期生活事件与乳房发病/发育之间关系的证据。
在PubMed和Embase数据库中确定了符合条件的研究。我们选择了测量或估计女性在胎儿或生命最初几年暴露的研究，并评估了与乳房发病或发育的关联。
在确定的49项队列研究和5项横断面研究中，43提供了足够的数据来评估关联。产妇体重高,原语奇偶校验，和早期的体重增加，在分析这些关联的大多数研究中，与早期乳房发病/发育的风险增加有关，而晚期乳房发病/发育与早产有关。怀孕期间吸烟的结果不一致，产妇高血压疾病，母乳喂养,糖尿病,而且小于胎龄。分娩时没有产妇年龄的关联，饮酒,以及怀孕期间选择的药物使用，低出生体重。
这篇综述的结果表明，高孕妇体重，初产和早期体重增加与早期乳房发病/发育的风险增加相关.晚期乳房发病/发育与早产有关。乳房发育是青春期发病的关键物理标志，青春期早期发育与终生可能产生的后果有关。回答有关产前/产后环境暴露及其对青春期的影响之间的相互联系的问题，代表了多学科研究的重要领域。
在PubMed和Embase数据库中确定了符合条件的研究。我们选择了测量或估计女性在胎儿或生命最初几年暴露的研究，并评估了与乳房发病或发育的关联。
在确定的49项队列研究和5项横断面研究中，43提供了足够的数据来评估关联。产妇体重高,原语奇偶校验，和早期的体重增加，在分析这些关联的大多数研究中，与早期乳房发病/发育的风险增加有关，而晚期乳房发病/发育与早产有关。怀孕期间吸烟的结果不一致，产妇高血压疾病，母乳喂养,糖尿病,而且小于胎龄。分娩时没有产妇年龄的关联，饮酒,以及怀孕期间选择的药物使用，低出生体重。
这篇综述的结果表明，高孕妇体重，初产和早期体重增加与早期乳房发病/发育的风险增加相关.晚期乳房发病/发育与早产有关。乳房发育是青春期发病的关键物理标志，青春期早期发育与终生可能产生的后果有关。回答有关产前/产后环境暴露及其对青春期的影响之间的相互联系的问题，代表了多学科研究的重要领域。
