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Abstract：
This study aimed to understand the changes in the milk and gut microbiota of dairy cows with mastitis, and to further explore the relationship between mastitis and the microbiota. In this study, we extracted microbial DNA from healthy and mastitis cows and performed high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform. OTU clustering was performed to analyze complexity, multi-sample comparisons, differences in community structure between groups, and differential analysis of species composition and abundance. The results showed that there were differences in microbial diversity and community composition in the milk and feces of normal and mastitis cows, where the diversity of microbiota decreased and species abundance increased in the mastitis group. There was a significant difference in the flora composition of the two groups of samples (P < 0.05), especially at the genus level, the difference in the milk samples was Sphingomonas (P < 0.05) and Stenotrophomonas (P < 0.05), the differences in stool samples were Alistipes (P < 0.05), Flavonifractor (P < 0.05), Agathobacter (P < 0.05) and Pygmaiobacter (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the microbiota of the udder and intestinal tissues of dairy cows suffering from mastitis will change significantly. This suggests that the development of mastitis is related to the endogenous pathway of microbial intestinal mammary glands, but the mechanisms involved need further study.
摘要：
本研究旨在了解乳腺炎奶牛的乳汁和肠道菌群的变化，并进一步探讨乳腺炎与微生物群的关系。在这项研究中,我们从健康奶牛和乳腺炎奶牛中提取微生物DNA,并使用IlluminaNovaSeq测序平台进行高通量测序.进行了OTU聚类来分析复杂性，多样本比较，群体之间的社区结构差异，以及物种组成和丰度的差异分析。结果表明,正常奶牛和乳腺炎奶牛的乳汁和粪便中微生物多样性和群落组成存在差异,乳腺炎组中微生物群的多样性减少，物种丰度增加。两组样品的菌群组成存在显著差异(P<0.05),尤其是在属一级，牛奶样品的差异是鞘氨醇单胞菌（P<0.05）和窄食单胞菌（P<0.05），粪便样本的差异为Alistipes（P<0.05），Flavonifractor(P<0.05),不动杆菌属(P<0.05)和假单胞菌属(P<0.05)。总之,患乳腺炎的奶牛乳房和肠道组织的微生物区系将发生显著变化。这提示乳腺炎的发生发展与微生物肠道乳腺的内源性途径有关,但其中的机制需要进一步研究。
