Abstract：
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a measurement of the sociological and economic statuses of individuals compared to others within the social and economic hierarchies. The common indicators of SES are income, education, and occupation statuses. Recently, researchers have used mixed measurements of SES, such as the MacArthur Scale. Numerous researches have proven the influence of SES on human development. Individuals who are less educated, have lower job status, and earn less or no income are at greater risk of poor health than their higher SES counterparts. SES has also been proven to influence life satisfaction, academic achievement, emotion regulation, cognitive function, and decision-making tendencies. SES has life span influence, which correlates with the level of cognition, rate of cognitive decline, and incidence of Alzheimer\'s disease among elderly individuals. Besides the individual level of SES, neighborhood SES can also affect cognitive function as an environmental factor. Low-SES individuals exhibit hypoactivation of the executive network and hyperactivation of the reward network, indicating low-SES individuals tend to focus more on monetary issues, while neglecting other non-monetary issues, which is consistent with the scarcity hypothesis.
摘要：
社会经济地位（SES）是衡量个人与社会和经济等级制度中其他人相比的社会和经济地位的指标。SES的常见指标是收入，教育,和职业状态。最近,研究人员使用了SES的混合测量，比如麦克阿瑟量表。许多研究已经证明了SES对人类发展的影响。受教育程度较低的人，有较低的工作状态，与较高的SES同行相比，收入较少或没有收入的人健康状况不佳的风险更大。SES也被证明会影响生活满意度，学术成就,情绪调节,认知功能,和决策倾向。SES有寿命影响，这与认知水平相关，认知下降率，和老年痴呆症的发病率。除了SES的个人水平，邻居SES也可以作为环境因素影响认知功能。低SES个体表现出执行网络的过度激活和奖励网络的过度激活，表明低SES个体倾向于更多地关注货币问题，而忽略了其他非货币问题，这与稀缺性假设是一致的。
