Abstract：
The gut microbiome and its metabolites are involved in developing and progressing liver disease. Various liver illnesses, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C, and hepatocellular carcinoma, are made worse and have worse prognoses with aging. Dysbiosis, which occurs when the symbiosis between the microbiota and the host is disrupted, can significantly negatively impact health. Liver disease is linked to qualitative changes, such as an increase in hazardous bacteria and a decrease in good bacteria, as well as quantitative changes in the overall amount of bacteria (overgrowth). Intestinal gut microbiota and their metabolites may lead to chronic liver disease development through various mechanisms, such as increasing gut permeability, persistent systemic inflammation, production of SCFA, bile acids, and alteration in metabolism. Age-related gut dysbiosis can disrupt the communication between gut microbiota and the host, impacting the host\'s health and lifespan. With aging, a gradual loss of the ability to maintain homeostasis because of structural alteration and gut dysbiosis leads to the disease progression in end-stage liver disease. Recently chronic liver disease has been identified as a global problem. A large number of patients are receiving liver transplants yearly. Thereby gut microbiome ecology is changing in the patients of the gut due to the changes in pathophysiology during the preoperative stage. The present review summarises the age-associated dysbiosis of gut microbial composition and its contribution to chronic liver disease. This review also provides information about the impact of liver transplant on the gut microbiome and possible disadvantageous effects of alteration in gut microbiota.
摘要：
肠道微生物组及其代谢产物参与肝脏疾病的发展和进展。各种肝病,如非酒精性脂肪性肝病，酒精性肝病,丙型肝炎,和肝细胞癌，随着年龄的增长，情况变得更糟。菌群失调,当微生物群和宿主之间的共生被破坏时，会严重影响健康。肝病与质变有关,例如有害细菌的增加和有益细菌的减少，以及细菌总量的数量变化（过度生长）。肠道菌群及其代谢产物可能通过多种机制导致慢性肝病的发展,例如增加肠道通透性，持续性全身性炎症,SCFA的生产，胆汁酸，和新陈代谢的改变。与年龄相关的肠道菌群失调会破坏肠道微生物群与宿主之间的交流，影响主机的健康和寿命。随着年龄的增长，由于结构改变和肠道菌群失调导致维持稳态的能力逐渐丧失，导致终末期肝病的疾病进展。最近，慢性肝病已被确定为全球性问题。每年都有大量患者接受肝移植。因此，由于术前阶段病理生理学的变化，肠道患者的肠道微生物组生态正在发生变化。本综述总结了与年龄相关的肠道微生物组成失调及其对慢性肝病的贡献。这篇综述还提供了有关肝移植对肠道微生物组的影响以及肠道微生物群改变可能的不利影响的信息。
