PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
A group of diseases have been shown to correlate with a phenomenon called microbiome dysbiosis, where the bacterial species composition of the gut becomes abnormal. The gut microbiome of an animal is influenced by many factors including diet, exposures to bacteria during post-gestational growth, lifestyle, and disease status. Studies also show that host genetics can affect microbiome composition. We sought to test whether host genetic background is associated with gut microbiome composition in the Norwegian Lundehund dog, a highly inbred breed with an effective population size of 13 individuals. The Lundehund has a high rate of a protein-losing enteropathy in the small intestine that is often reported as Lundehund syndrome, which negatively affects longevity and life-quality. An outcrossing project with the Buhund, Norrbottenspets, and Icelandic sheepdog was recently established to reintroduce genetic diversity to the Lundehund and improve its health. To assess whether there was an association between host genetic diversity and the microbiome composition, we sampled the fecal microbiomes of 75 dogs of the parental (Lundehund), F1 (Lundehund x Buhund), and F2 (F1 x Lundehund) generations. We found significant variation in microbiome composition from the parental Lundehund generation compared to the outcross progeny. The variation observed in purebred Lundehunds corresponded to dysbiosis as seen by a highly variable microbiome composition with an elevated Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and an increase in the prevalence of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex, a known pathobiont that can cause several diseases. We tracked several other environmental factors including diet, the presence of a cat in the household, living in a farm and the use of probiotics, but we did not find evidence of an effect of these on microbiome composition and alpha diversity. In conclusion, we found an association between host genetics and gut microbiome composition, which in turn may be associated with the high incidence of Lundehund syndrome in the purebred parental dogs.
摘要：
一组疾病已被证明与一种称为微生物群系失调的现象有关，肠道的细菌种类组成变得异常。动物的肠道微生物组受许多因素的影响，包括饮食，在妊娠后的生长过程中暴露于细菌，生活方式,和疾病状态。研究还表明，宿主遗传学可以影响微生物组的组成。我们试图测试宿主遗传背景是否与挪威Lundehund犬的肠道微生物组组成有关，一种高度近交的品种，有效种群规模为13个个体。Lundehund在小肠中具有很高的蛋白质丢失性肠病，通常被报告为Lundehund综合征，这会对寿命和生活质量产生负面影响。与布赫德号的穿越项目，Norrbottenspets，最近成立了冰岛牧羊犬，以将遗传多样性重新引入Lundehund并改善其健康状况。为了评估宿主遗传多样性与微生物组组成之间是否存在关联，我们对父母（Lundehund）的75只狗的粪便微生物群进行了采样，F1（伦德洪德x布洪德），和F2（F1xLundehund）世代。与异交后代相比，我们发现亲本Lundehund世代的微生物组组成存在显着差异。在纯种Lunderhunds中观察到的变化对应于菌群失调，如高度可变的微生物组组成，其中厚壁菌与拟杆菌的比率升高，牛链球菌/马链球菌复合体的患病率增加，一种已知的能引起多种疾病的病理生物。我们追踪了其他几个环境因素，包括饮食，家里有一只猫，生活在农场和使用益生菌，但是我们没有发现这些对微生物组组成和α多样性有影响的证据。总之,我们发现宿主遗传学和肠道微生物组组成之间存在关联，这反过来可能与纯种父母犬的Lundehund综合征的高发病率有关。
