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Abstract：
Population ageing is considered one of the biggest challenges facing the world, and the status of the elderly in society and their quality of life (QOL) have proved to be a concern in professional and scientific research circles. As a result, the current study sought to investigate the role of pain self-efficacy (PSE) as a moderator in the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC), spiritual well-being, and self-compassion with QOL in Iranian elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
This was a correlational study of the path analysis type. The statistical population included all elderly people with CVD who were at least 60 years of age in Kermanshah Province, Iran, in 2022, of whom 298 (181 men and 117 women) were selected using convenience sampling and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants answered questionnaires from the World Health Organization on QOL, Paloutzian and Ellison\'s spiritual well-being, Nicholas\'s PSE, Antonovsky\'s SOC, and Raes et al.\'s self-compassion.
The results of path analysis demonstrated that the hypothesized model of this study has a good fit in the studied sample. There were significant paths between SOC (β = 0.39), spiritual well-being (β = 0.13) and self-compassion (β = 0.44) with PSE. Although there were significant paths between SOC (β = 0.16) and self-compassion (β = 0.31) with QOL, there was no significant path between spiritual well-being and QOL (β = 0.06). Besides, there was a significant path between PSE and QOL (β = 0.35). Finally, PSE was found to mediate the relationship of SOC, spiritual well-being and self-compassion with QOL.
The results may provide psychotherapists and counselors working in this field of inquiry with advantageous information to choose or create a useful therapeutic method to work with the elderly with CVD. Meanwhile, other researchers are suggested to examine other variables which may serve a mediating role in the mentioned model.
This was a correlational study of the path analysis type. The statistical population included all elderly people with CVD who were at least 60 years of age in Kermanshah Province, Iran, in 2022, of whom 298 (181 men and 117 women) were selected using convenience sampling and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants answered questionnaires from the World Health Organization on QOL, Paloutzian and Ellison\'s spiritual well-being, Nicholas\'s PSE, Antonovsky\'s SOC, and Raes et al.\'s self-compassion.
The results of path analysis demonstrated that the hypothesized model of this study has a good fit in the studied sample. There were significant paths between SOC (β = 0.39), spiritual well-being (β = 0.13) and self-compassion (β = 0.44) with PSE. Although there were significant paths between SOC (β = 0.16) and self-compassion (β = 0.31) with QOL, there was no significant path between spiritual well-being and QOL (β = 0.06). Besides, there was a significant path between PSE and QOL (β = 0.35). Finally, PSE was found to mediate the relationship of SOC, spiritual well-being and self-compassion with QOL.
The results may provide psychotherapists and counselors working in this field of inquiry with advantageous information to choose or create a useful therapeutic method to work with the elderly with CVD. Meanwhile, other researchers are suggested to examine other variables which may serve a mediating role in the mentioned model.
摘要：
背景：人口老龄化被认为是世界面临的最大挑战之一，老年人在社会中的地位和他们的生活质量（QOL）已被证明是专业和科研界关注的问题。因此,当前的研究试图调查疼痛自我效能感（PSE）作为调节因素在连贯感（SOC）之间的关系中的作用，精神上的幸福，伊朗老年人心血管疾病(CVD)的生活质量和自我同情。
方法：这是通径分析类型的相关研究。统计人群包括克尔曼沙省所有年龄在60岁以上的心血管疾病老年人，伊朗,2022年,其中298人(181名男性和117名女性)通过便利抽样并根据纳入和排除标准被选中.参与者回答了世界卫生组织关于QOL的问卷，Paloutzian和Ellison的精神幸福,尼古拉斯的PSE,Antonovsky的SOC,和Raes等人。\的自我同情。
结果：路径分析的结果表明，本研究的假设模型在研究样本中具有良好的拟合性。SOC之间存在显著路径(β=0.39)，精神福祉(β=0.13)和自我同情(β=0.44)与PSE。尽管SOC(β=0.16)和自我同情(β=0.31)与QOL之间存在显著的路径,精神幸福感和生活质量之间没有显著的路径(β=0.06)。此外,PSE和QOL之间存在显著的路径(β=0.35)。最后,PSE被发现调解SOC的关系，精神健康和自我同情与QOL。
结论：研究结果可能为在该调查领域工作的心理治疗师和咨询师提供有利的信息，以选择或创建有用的治疗方法来治疗患有CVD的老年人。同时,建议其他研究人员检查可能在上述模型中起中介作用的其他变量。
方法：这是通径分析类型的相关研究。统计人群包括克尔曼沙省所有年龄在60岁以上的心血管疾病老年人，伊朗,2022年,其中298人(181名男性和117名女性)通过便利抽样并根据纳入和排除标准被选中.参与者回答了世界卫生组织关于QOL的问卷，Paloutzian和Ellison的精神幸福,尼古拉斯的PSE,Antonovsky的SOC,和Raes等人。\的自我同情。
结果：路径分析的结果表明，本研究的假设模型在研究样本中具有良好的拟合性。SOC之间存在显著路径(β=0.39)，精神福祉(β=0.13)和自我同情(β=0.44)与PSE。尽管SOC(β=0.16)和自我同情(β=0.31)与QOL之间存在显著的路径,精神幸福感和生活质量之间没有显著的路径(β=0.06)。此外,PSE和QOL之间存在显著的路径(β=0.35)。最后,PSE被发现调解SOC的关系，精神健康和自我同情与QOL。
结论：研究结果可能为在该调查领域工作的心理治疗师和咨询师提供有利的信息，以选择或创建有用的治疗方法来治疗患有CVD的老年人。同时,建议其他研究人员检查可能在上述模型中起中介作用的其他变量。
