Abstract：
Bacteria with streamlined genomes, that harbor full functional genes for essential metabolic networks, are able to synthesize the desired products more effectively and thus have advantages as production platforms in industrial applications. To obtain streamlined chassis genomes, a large amount of effort has been made to reduce existing bacterial genomes. This work falls into two categories: rational and random reduction. The identification of essential gene sets and the emergence of various genome-deletion techniques have greatly promoted genome reduction in many bacteria over the past few decades. Some of the constructed genomes possessed desirable properties for industrial applications, such as: increased genome stability, transformation capacity, cell growth, and biomaterial productivity. The decreased growth and perturbations in physiological phenotype of some genome-reduced strains may limit their applications as optimized cell factories. This review presents an assessment of the advancements made to date in bacterial genome reduction to construct optimal chassis for synthetic biology, including: the identification of essential gene sets, the genome-deletion techniques, the properties and industrial applications of artificially streamlined genomes, the obstacles encountered in constructing reduced genomes, and the future perspectives.
摘要：
具有流线型基因组的细菌，拥有必需代谢网络的全功能基因，能够更有效地合成所需的产品，因此在工业应用中具有作为生产平台的优势。为了获得简化的底盘基因组，已经做出了大量努力来减少现有的细菌基因组。这项工作分为两类：理性还原和随机还原。在过去的几十年中，必需基因集的鉴定和各种基因组缺失技术的出现极大地促进了许多细菌的基因组减少。一些构建的基因组具有工业应用所需的特性，例如：增加基因组稳定性，改造能力,细胞生长,和生物材料生产力。一些基因组减少的菌株的生理表型的减少的生长和扰动可能限制它们作为优化的细胞工厂的应用。这篇综述评估了迄今为止在减少细菌基因组以构建合成生物学的最佳底盘方面取得的进展。包括:基本基因集的识别，基因组缺失技术，人工流线型基因组的性质和工业应用，在构建简化的基因组时遇到的障碍，和未来的前景。
