PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Hen\'s eggs (from Gallus gallus domesticus) provide choline, folate, vitamin D, iodine, B vitamins and high-quality protein and are no longer viewed by national bodies as a risk factor for hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, questions remain about the benefits and risks of eating eggs regularly. This review evaluates recent high-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) and meta-analyses of observational studies and considers new areas of interest, such as weight management, protein metabolism, allergy risk and sustainability. In several RCT, eggs increased muscle protein synthesis and lowered fat mass, which could support optimal body composition. Eggs within a meal improved satiety, which could translate into lower energy intakes, although more RCT are needed. In observational studies, higher egg consumption was associated with a null effect or a modest reduced risk of CVD. For type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence and risk of CVD in people with T2D, there were inconsistencies between observational and RCT data, with the former noting positive associations and the latter seeing no effect of higher egg intake on markers of T2D and CVD. Sustainability metrics suggest that eggs have the lowest planetary impact amongst animal proteins. To lower allergy risk, earlier introduction of eggs into weaning diets is warranted. In conclusion, the balance of evidence points to eggs being a nutritious food suggesting there are broad health benefits from including eggs in the diet at intakes higher than that currently consumed by European populations.
摘要：
母鸡的鸡蛋（来自家鸡）提供胆碱，叶酸,维生素D,碘，B族维生素和高质量蛋白质，不再被国家机构视为高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病（CVD）的危险因素。然而，关于经常吃鸡蛋的好处和风险的问题仍然存在。这篇综述评估了近期来自随机对照试验（RCT）和观察性研究的荟萃分析的高质量证据，并考虑了新的兴趣领域。比如体重管理，蛋白质代谢，过敏风险和可持续性。在几个RCT中，鸡蛋增加肌肉蛋白质合成，降低脂肪量，可以支持最佳的身体成分。一餐中的鸡蛋改善了饱腹感，这可能会转化为较低的能量摄入量，虽然需要更多的RCT。在观察性研究中,较高的鸡蛋摄入量与无效效应或适度降低CVD风险相关.对于2型糖尿病（T2D）发病率和心血管疾病的风险，观测数据和RCT数据不一致，前者观察到正相关，后者观察到更高的鸡蛋摄入量对T2D和CVD标志物没有影响。可持续性指标表明，鸡蛋在动物蛋白质中对行星的影响最小。为了降低过敏风险，早期将鸡蛋引入断奶饮食是有必要的。总之,平衡的证据表明，鸡蛋是一种有营养的食物，这表明在饮食中加入鸡蛋的摄入量高于欧洲人群目前的摄入量，对健康有广泛的益处。
