PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Ex situ collections of algae, cyanobacteria, and plant materials (cell cultures, hairy and adventitious root cultures, shoots, etc.) maintained in vitro or in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C, LN) are valuable sources of strains with unique ecological and biotechnological traits. Such collections play a vital role in bioresource conservation, science, and industry development but are rarely covered in publications. Here, we provide an overview of five genetic collections maintained at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPPRAS) since the 1950-1970s using in vitro and cryopreservation approaches. These collections represent different levels of plant organization, from individual cells (cell culture collection) to organs (hairy and adventitious root cultures, shoot apices) to in vitro plants. The total collection holdings comprise more than 430 strains of algae and cyanobacteria, over 200 potato clones, 117 cell cultures, and 50 strains of hairy and adventitious root cultures of medicinal and model plant species. The IPPRAS plant cryobank preserves in LN over 1000 specimens of in vitro cultures and seeds of wild and cultivated plants belonging to 457 species and 74 families. Several algae and plant cell culture strains have been adapted for cultivation in bioreactors from laboratory (5-20-L) to pilot (75-L) to semi-industrial (150-630-L) scale for the production of biomass with high nutritive or pharmacological value. Some of the strains with proven biological activities are currently used to produce cosmetics and food supplements. Here, we provide an overview of the current collections\' composition and major activities, their use in research, biotechnology, and commercial application. We also highlight the most interesting studies performed with collection strains and discuss strategies for the collections\' future development and exploitation in view of current trends in biotechnology and genetic resources conservation.
摘要：
藻类的非原位收集，蓝藻,和植物材料(细胞培养，多毛和不定根培养物，射击，等。）在体外或液氮中保持（-196°C，LN）是具有独特生态和生物技术特征的有价值的菌株来源。这些藏品在生物资源保护中起着至关重要的作用，科学,和行业发展，但很少在出版物中报道。这里,我们概述了自1950-1970年代以来在俄罗斯科学院植物生理学研究所（IPPRAS）使用体外和冷冻保存方法维护的五个遗传集合。这些集合代表了不同级别的植物组织，从单个细胞（细胞培养物收集）到器官（毛状和不定根培养物，茎尖）到体外植物。总集合包括超过430种藻类和蓝细菌，超过200个马铃薯克隆,117个细胞培养物,以及50株药用和模型植物的毛状和不定根培养物。IPPRAS植物冷冻库在LN中保存了1000多个体外培养标本以及野生和栽培植物的种子，属于457种和74科。几种藻类和植物细胞培养菌株已适应于从实验室（5-20-L）到中试（75-L）到半工业（150-630-L）规模的生物反应器中培养，以生产具有高营养或药理价值的生物质。一些具有证实的生物活性的菌株目前用于生产化妆品和食品补充剂。这里,我们提供当前收藏的组成和主要活动的概述，它们在研究中的使用，生物技术，和商业应用。我们还重点介绍了对收集菌株进行的最有趣的研究，并根据生物技术和遗传资源保护的当前趋势，讨论了收集菌株的未来发展和开发策略。
