PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes that can help organisms survive in hydrothermal vents by hydrating carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study, we focus on alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) CAs, which are present in the thermophilic microbiome of marine hydrothermal vents. The coding genes of these enzymes can be transferred between hydrothermal-vent organisms via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which is an important tool in natural biodiversity. We performed big data mining and bioinformatics studies on α-, β-, and γ-CA coding genes from the thermophilic microbiome of marine hydrothermal vents. The results showed a reasonable association between thermostable α-, β-, and γ-CAs in the microbial population of the hydrothermal vents. This relationship could be due to HGT. We found evidence of HGT of α- and β-CAs between Cycloclasticus sp., a symbiont of Bathymodiolus heckerae, and an endosymbiont of Riftia pachyptila via Integrons. Conversely, HGT of β-CA genes from the endosymbiont Tevnia jerichonana to the endosymbiont Riftia pachyptila was detected. In addition, Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus SP-41 contains a β-CA gene on genomic islands (GIs). This gene can be transferred by HGT to Hydrogenovibrio sp. MA2-6, a methanotrophic endosymbiont of Bathymodiolus azoricus, and a methanotrophic endosymbiont of Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis. The endosymbiont of R. pachyptila has a γ-CA gene in the genome. If α- and β-CA coding genes have been derived from other microorganisms, such as endosymbionts of T. jerichonana and Cycloclasticus sp. as the endosymbiont of B. heckerae, through HGT, the theory of the necessity of thermostable CA enzymes for survival in the extreme ecosystem of hydrothermal vents is suggested and helps the conservation of microbiome natural diversity in hydrothermal vents. These harsh ecosystems, with their integral players, such as HGT and endosymbionts, significantly impact the enrichment of life on Earth and the carbon cycle in the ocean.
摘要：
碳酸酐酶（CA）是金属酶，可以通过水合二氧化碳（CO2）来帮助生物在热液喷口中生存。在这项研究中,我们关注阿尔法(α)，β（β），和gamma(γ)CAs，存在于海洋热液喷口的嗜热微生物组中。这些酶的编码基因可以通过水平基因转移（HGT）在热液生物之间转移，这是自然生物多样性的重要工具。我们对α-，β-,和来自海洋热液喷口嗜热微生物组的γ-CA编码基因。结果表明，热稳定性α-，β-,和热液喷口微生物种群中的γ-CA。这种关系可能是由于HGT。我们发现了Cycclasticussp.之间α-和β-CA的HGT的证据。,Batymodiolusheckerae的共生体，和Riftiapachyptila通过整合子的内共生体。相反，检测到从内共生体Tevniajerichonana到内共生体Riftiapachyptila的β-CA基因的HGT。此外,氢弧菌SP-41在基因组岛（GI）上含有β-CA基因。该基因可以通过HGT转移到氢弧菌属。MA2-6，一种嗜甲烷的内共生体，和一个甲烷营养内共生体。R.pachyptila的内共生体在基因组中具有γ-CA基因。如果α-和β-CA编码基因来自其他微生物，例如T.jerichonana和cycloclasticussp.的内共生体。作为B.heckerae的内共生体，通过HGT,提出了在热液喷口极端生态系统中生存的热稳定CA酶的必要性理论，并有助于保护热液喷口中的微生物组自然多样性。这些恶劣的生态系统，他们的整体球员，如HGT和内共生体，显著影响地球上生命的富集和海洋中的碳循环。
