PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In 2021, there were close to 37 million children displaced worldwide. There were 13.7 million refugees and an additional 22.8 million internally displaced. In Europe, this included 23,255 unaccompanied minors seeking asylum, up 72% compared with 2020 (13,550). The objective was to review the current literature regarding PTSD in unaccompanied refugee minors (URM). The authors searched Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from 1 January 2008 through 15 January 2019. Thirty full texts were chosen that specifically studied unaccompanied refugee minors (URM). The results showed that URM had a prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD of 17-85% across the studies reviewed. There were numerous factors that contributed to PTSD, including cumulative stress and trauma, guilt, shame, and uncertainty about legal status. Protective factors included resilience, a trusted mentor, belonging to a social network, religion, having an adult mentor, and having a family (even if far away). Immigrant youth can thrive most easily in multiculturally affirming countries. Five interventions demonstrated effectiveness, comprising trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT); \"Mein Weg\", a TF-CBT combined with a group-processing mixed therapy approach; teaching recovery techniques (TRT), narrative exposure therapy for children (KIDNET), and expressive arts intervention (EXIT). The significant mental health conditions include depression, anxiety, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and frequently PTSD. It is fair to conclude that the high levels of mental health problems experienced in URM are due to exposure to traumatic experiences, separation from parents, and lack of social support.
摘要：
2021年，全球有近3700万儿童流离失所。有1370万难民和2280万国内流离失所者。在欧洲,其中包括23,255名无人陪伴的未成年人寻求庇护，与2020年（13550）相比增长72%。目的是回顾有关无人陪伴的未成年难民（URM）的PTSD的最新文献。作者搜索了OvidMedline，Embase,和Cochrane图书馆从2008年1月1日至2019年1月15日。选择了30份全文，专门研究了无人陪伴的未成年难民（URM）。结果表明，URM患有创伤后应激障碍（在所审查的研究中，PTSD为17-85％。造成创伤后应激障碍的因素很多,包括累积的压力和创伤,内疚，内疚羞耻,以及法律地位的不确定性。保护因素包括韧性，值得信赖的导师,属于社交网络，宗教,有一个成人导师，有一个家庭（即使很远）。移民青年在多元文化肯定的国家最容易茁壮成长。五项干预措施显示出有效性，包括创伤聚焦认知行为疗法(TF-CBT)；“MeinWeg”，TF-CBT结合群体处理混合治疗方法；教学恢复技术（TRT），儿童叙事暴露疗法（KIDNET），和表现性艺术干预（EXIT）。重要的精神健康状况包括抑郁症，焦虑,内化和外化行为，经常是PTSD。可以得出结论，URM中经历的高水平的心理健康问题是由于暴露于创伤经历，与父母分离，缺乏社会支持。
