Abstract：
We investigated the prevalence of problematic masturbation using different criteria. We also investigated if masturbation-related distress was associated with sexual abuse history, family attitudes towards sexuality during childhood, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Here, 12,271 Finnish men and women completed a survey reporting masturbation frequency, desired masturbation frequency, sexual distress, childhood sexual abuse, sex-positive family background, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. Among both sexes, those whose masturbation frequency did not match with desired frequency experienced more sexual distress. Different conceptualizations of problematic masturbation resulted in different proportions of individuals categorized as having it (i.e., 8.3% of men and 2.7% of women experienced self-perceived problematic masturbation, that is masturbating more than they desired and experiencing sexual distress; 2% of men and 0.6% of women masturbated more frequently than average and meanwhile experienced self-perceived problematic masturbation; 6.3% of men and 2.1% of women masturbated less frequently than average but still experienced self-perceived problematic masturbation). Moreover, among both sexes, self-perceived problematic masturbation was positively associated with childhood sexual abuse, depression, and anxiety, while negatively associated with a sex-positive family background. Our results point to the complexity of defining problematic masturbation. Causes of sexual distress related to masturbation need to be carefully examined case by case to choose an appropriate clinical approach.
摘要：
我们使用不同的标准调查了有问题的手淫的患病率。我们还调查了手淫相关的痛苦是否与性虐待史有关，家庭在童年时期对性的态度，还有抑郁和焦虑症状.这里,12,271名芬兰男性和女性完成了一项报告自慰频率的调查，想要的手淫频率，性困扰,童年的性虐待,性别阳性的家庭背景，以及抑郁和焦虑症状。在两性中,手淫频率与所需频率不匹配的人经历了更多的性困扰。对有问题的手淫的不同概念化导致分类为具有手淫的个体比例不同(即，8.3%的男性和2.7%的女性经历了自我感知的有问题的手淫，这是比他们想要的手淫和经历性困扰;2％的男性和0.6％的女性手淫频率高于平均水平，同时经历了自我感知的有问题的手淫;6.3％的男性和2.1％的女性手淫频率低于平均水平，但仍然经历了自我感知的有问题的手淫）。此外，在两性中，自我感觉有问题的手淫与童年性虐待呈正相关，抑郁症,和焦虑，而与性别阳性的家庭背景呈负相关。我们的结果指出了定义有问题的手淫的复杂性。与手淫有关的性困扰的原因需要逐例仔细检查，以选择合适的临床方法。
