Abstract：
Biosensors are valuable tools for the detection of biological species, including cells, pathogens, proteins, and other biological molecules. Biosensing devices integrated with microfluidics not only allow for easier sample preparation, portability, and reduced detection time and cost but also offer unique features such as label-free detection and improved sensitivity. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly acute myocardial infarction, which is considered one of the main causes of death, are currently diagnosed by electrocardiography (ECG), which has been proven to be inadequate. To overcome the limitations of ECG, the efficient detection of cardiac biomarkers and specifically the measurement of cardiac troponins (cTnT and cTnI) are suggested. This review aims to expound on microfluidics, the most recent materials to develop these devices, and their application in medical diagnosis, particularly in CVD detection. Moreover, we will explore some of the prevalent and last readout methods to investigate in-depth electrochemical label-free detection methods for CVDs, primarily based on voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with the main focus on structural details.
摘要：
生物传感器是检测生物物种的宝贵工具，包括细胞,病原体,蛋白质，和其他生物分子。与微流体集成的生物传感装置不仅允许更容易的样品制备，便携性,减少检测时间和成本，但也提供独特的功能，如无标签检测和提高灵敏度。心血管疾病（CVDs），特别是急性心肌梗塞，这被认为是死亡的主要原因之一，目前通过心电图(ECG)诊断，这已被证明是不够的。为了克服心电图的局限性，建议有效检测心脏生物标志物，特别是测量心肌肌钙蛋白（cTnT和cTnI）。这篇综述旨在阐述微流体，开发这些设备的最新材料，以及它们在医学诊断中的应用，尤其是在CVD检测中。此外，我们将探索一些流行和最后的读出方法，以深入研究CVD的电化学无标记检测方法，主要基于伏安法和电化学阻抗谱，主要关注结构细节。
