Abstract：
Acute lung injury leads to the development of chronic conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma as well as alveolar sarcoma. Various investigations are being performed worldwide to understand the pathophysiology of these diseases, develop novel bioactive compounds and inhibitors to target the ailment. Generally, in vivo models are used to understand the disease outcome and therapeutic suppressing effects for which the animals are chemically or physically induced to mimic the onset of definite disease conditions. Amongst the chemical inducing agents, Bleomycin (BLM) is the most successful inducer. It is reported to target various receptors and activate inflammatory pathways, cellular apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transition leading to the release of inflammatory cytokines, and proteases. Mice is one of the most widely used animal model for BLM induced pulmonary associated studies apart from rat, rabbit, sheep, pig, and monkey. Although, there is considerable variation amongst in vivo studies for BLM induction which suggests a detailed study on the same to understand the mechanism of action of BLM at molecular level. Hence, herein we have reviewed various chemical inducers, mechanism of action of BLM in inducing lung injury in vivo, its advantages and disadvantages. Further, we have also discussed the rationale behind various in vivo models and recent development in BLM induction for various animals.
摘要：
急性肺损伤导致慢性疾病的发展，如特发性肺纤维化（IPF），慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD),哮喘和肺泡肉瘤.世界各地正在进行各种调查，以了解这些疾病的病理生理学，开发新的生物活性化合物和抑制剂来靶向疾病。一般来说,体内模型用于了解疾病结果和治疗抑制作用，对这些疾病进行化学或物理诱导以模拟特定疾病状况的发作。在化学诱导剂中，博来霉素(BLM)是最成功的诱导物。据报道，它靶向各种受体并激活炎症途径，细胞凋亡，上皮间质转化导致炎症细胞因子的释放，和蛋白酶。小鼠是BLM诱导肺相关研究中应用最广泛的动物模型之一,兔子,绵羊,猪,和猴子。虽然,对于BLM诱导的体内研究之间存在相当大的差异，这表明对其进行了详细的研究，以了解BLM在分子水平上的作用机制。因此，在这里，我们回顾了各种化学诱导剂，BLM在体内诱导肺损伤的作用机制，它的优点和缺点。Further,我们还讨论了各种体内模型背后的基本原理以及各种动物BLM诱导的最新发展。
