Abstract：
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent and major etiological agent of bacterial bovine mastitis, leading to high economic losses. This pathogen readily becomes resistant to many antibiotics, resulting in persistent noncurable intramammary infection (IMI) in animals and the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of S. aureus strains causing bovine mastitis in Iran according to published data from 2000 to 2021. As there is still a dearth of information on the AMR of S. aureus from Iranian bovine mastitis, the primary focus and subgroup analysis of the present study was performed on Iranian isolates. A systematic review was done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Based on the initial search, 1006 article were identified. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing duplications, 55 English articles and 13 Persian articles (a total of 68 articles) were finally analyzed. The highest overall prevalence of resistance was reported against penicillin G (p-estimate = 0.568 for all isolates, and p-estimate = 0.838 for Iranian isolates), followed by ampicillin (p-estimate = 0.554, and p-estimate = 0.670 for all isolates and Iranian isolates, respectively) and amoxicillin (p-estimate = 0.391, and p-estimate = 0.695 for all isolates and Iranian isolates, respectively). Besides, the lowest prevalence of resistant isolates was related to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (p-estimate = 0.108 and 0.118 for all isolates and Iranian isolates, respectively) and gentamycin (p-estimate = 0.163 and 0.190, for all isolates and Iranian isolates, respectively). Our analysis showed that the Iranian isolates were more resistant to all antibiotics than those of all isolates. This difference was significant in the case of penicillin G, ampicillin, and erythromycin at 5%. To the best of our knowledge, except for ampicillin, AMR has increased over time for all the studied antibiotics in Iranian isolates. This increased rate was significant for penicillin G, amoxicillin, and tetracycline (p < 0.1). No differences in AMR were detected regarding the mastitis types (clinical vs. subclinical mastitis) for almost evaluated antibiotics. In conclusion, the prevalence of AMR S. aureus isolated from IMI was high particularly for bovine mastitis used antibiotics like penicillin G and ampicillin. Additionally, according to the increasing rate of AMR S. aureus in recent years in Iran, control strategies should be reinforced to avoid the spread of this pathogen and drug resistance.
摘要：
金黄色葡萄球菌（S。金黄色葡萄球菌）是细菌性牛乳腺炎的常见和主要病原体，造成了巨大的经济损失。这种病原体很容易对许多抗生素产生抗药性，导致动物持续不可治愈的乳房内感染（IMI）和多药耐药（MDR）菌株的发展。这项研究的目的是根据2000年至2021年的公布数据，评估伊朗引起牛乳腺炎的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的抗菌素耐药性（AMR）的患病率。由于伊朗牛乳腺炎对金黄色葡萄球菌的AMR仍然缺乏信息，本研究的主要重点和亚组分析是对伊朗分离株进行的.根据系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）的首选报告项目进行系统评价。根据最初的搜索，1006文章被识别。根据纳入和排除标准和删除重复项，最后分析了55篇英文文章和13篇波斯文(共68篇)。据报道，青霉素G的总体耐药率最高（所有分离株的p估计值=0.568，对于伊朗分离株，p估计=0.838)，其次是氨苄青霉素(p-估计值=0.554，p-估计值=0.670所有分离株和伊朗分离株，分别）和阿莫西林（所有分离株和伊朗分离株的p估计值=0.391，p估计值=0.695，分别)。此外,耐药分离株的最低流行率与甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑有关（所有分离株和伊朗分离株的p估计值=0.108和0.118，分别）和庆大霉素（p估计=0.163和0.190，对于所有分离株和伊朗分离株，分别)。我们的分析表明，与所有分离株相比，伊朗分离株对所有抗生素的耐药性更高。这种差异在青霉素G的情况下是显著的，氨苄青霉素,和红霉素在5%。据我们所知,除了氨苄青霉素,随着时间的推移，伊朗分离物中所有研究的抗生素的AMR都有所增加。这种增加的速度对于青霉素G是显著的，阿莫西林,和四环素（p<0.1）。在乳腺炎类型方面没有检测到AMR的差异(临床与亚临床乳腺炎）几乎评估抗生素。总之,从IMI中分离出的AMR金黄色葡萄球菌的患病率很高,特别是对于使用青霉素G和氨苄西林等抗生素的牛乳腺炎.此外,根据近年来伊朗AMR金黄色葡萄球菌的增长率，应加强控制策略，以避免这种病原体和耐药性的传播。
